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Theriogenology > Canine/Feline Therio - 1 Intro > Flashcards

Canine/Feline Therio - 1 Intro Flashcards

1
Q

In the majority of domestic species, the interval between one ovulation and another is approx

A

21 days

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2
Q

Oestrous is the period of sexual receptiveness when

A

Mating is allowed

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3
Q

Luteal phase consist of metoestrus and dioestrus is the period of

A

Preparation of pregnacy

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4
Q

Pro-oestrus is the period of preparation for return to

A

Oestrus

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5
Q

Anestrus is the period of

A

Sexual inactivity

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6
Q

The average length of one ovulation and the next in a bitch is

A

7 months

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7
Q

The average length of one ovulation to the next in the queen is

A

14-21 days

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8
Q

The breeding pattern of bitches are

A

Non seasonal mono oestrus

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9
Q

The 1st (pubertal) oestrus onset in the bitch occurs when

A

Approx 9mths ( 6-14mths)

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10
Q

Peak fertility in the bitch is reached at

A

2yrs (until 6-7)

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11
Q

The average interval of cyclicity of the bitch is 7mths but divided into different stages, name these stages and the associated length of time of completion

A

Pro-oestrus: 10days
Oestrus: 10days
Luteal Phase (Metoestrus/dioestrus: 2mths (pregnancy or non pregnacy)
Anestrus: 4.5mths

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs of pro-oestrus in the bitch (7 points)

A

Stimulation of follicle development by FSH and LH

Enlargement and reddening of vulval lips

Appearance of serosanguineous vulvar discharge

Increased attractiveness to male dogs

Increased urine marking and tendency to roam

Sexual attractiveness but refusal to allow mating

Vaginal mucosa changes from cuboidal epithelium to a startified sqamous epithelium

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of the oestrus in the bitch (6 points)

A

Inviting receptive behaviour

Standing to be mated

Movement of tail to uncover the vulva & Spinal lordosis

Pheromones are secreted under the influence of oestrogen within RT discharge and urine

Loss of oedema, wrinkling of vaginal wall mucosa.

Characterised initially by elevated conc. of oestrogen, which then decline prior to ovulation

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14
Q

Ovulation in the bitch is stimulated by

A

LH surge

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15
Q

LH surge stimulating ovulation in the bitch occurs when

A

Few days after peak concentration of oestrogen

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16
Q

Ovulation is spontaneous in the bitch and occurs how long after the surge in LH

A

48-60hrs after

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17
Q

In the bitch prior to ovulation, there is an increase in a critical factor hormone called

A

Plasma progesterone

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18
Q

Fertilization period in the bitch is the time

A

When oocytes are available to be fertilized

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19
Q

In the bitch, the fertilization period commenses

A

2 days after ovulation

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20
Q

How long does the fertilization period in the bitch extends after its commensal

A

Extends until 5 days

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21
Q

Fertile period in the bitch is the time

A

During which mating could result in conception

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22
Q

At the time of ovulation in the bitch, oocytes are immature and can not be fertilized immediately.

Fertilization can only occur when?

A

Extrusion of the 1st polar body and completion of the 1st meiotic division to form the secondary oocyte

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23
Q

In bitches, maturation of an immature oocyte to a secondary oocyte takes how long? Where does it occur? and how long does it remain viable?

A

48-60hrs within the distal oviduct (start of fertilization period) and remains fertilizable for 9-10days

24
Q

In the luteal phase in bitches, progesterone continue to increase to reach what conc. by the end of oestrus

A

10-25ng/ml

25
Q

In the bitch luteal phase, what are the luteotrophic factors

A

Prolactin, LH and to some extent progesterone

26
Q

In the bitch, name some prolactin inhibitors

A

Cabergoline and Bromocriptine

27
Q

Prolactin inhibitors and prostaglandins will do what in pregnant and non-pregnant dogs

A

Terminate the luteal phase after day 25

28
Q

In the bitch, anestrus is the period of sexual inactivity and marks the interval between

A

Dioestrus and the start of the next oestrus cycle

29
Q

What are the signs of anestrus in the bitch (6 points)

A

Throughout anoestrus the reproductive tract is quiescent.

Internal and external genitalia including mammary glands are at their smallest observed size.

Vaginal wall is relatively thin and easily traumatized by digital examination/collection of epi cells

Endometrial repair occurs in bitch that has whelped

Not lengthened by pregnancy or lactation

The bitch has no attraction to or from the male

30
Q

What is the progesterone profile during pregnacy in bitches

A

Progesterone conc. are slightly higher in pregnant bitches

Progesterone plateau is broader during pregnancy

Luteal phase is slightly longer in non pregnancy (66 days) compared to pregnancy (63 days)

31
Q

What is the difference in the prolactin conc. between preg and non preg bitches

A

4 times greater in pregnant bitches

32
Q

What happens to the progesterone conc. during the 2nd half of the luteal phase in the bitch during pregnancy

A

It starts to decline

33
Q

What happens, in the bitch when there is a decline in progesterone conc. in the 2nd half of the luteal phase during pregnancy

A

Concomitant increase in plasma prolactin concentration (starts increasing at day 30, plateau at day 50 and remains elevated throughout lactation)

34
Q

The decline in progesterone during pregnancy triggers what?

A

Parturition

35
Q

During lactation in bitches, action of suckling induces what

A

Increase secretion of prolactin

36
Q

Lactation in the bitch lasts for how long? what happens to prolactin conc?

A

6wks

Prolactin conc declines

37
Q

What is psuedopregnancy in bitches

A

The long luteal phase of the non-pregnant cycle

38
Q

The clinical signs of psuedopregnancy is mediated by what hormone

A

Prolactin

39
Q

Clinical signs of psuedopregnancy in the bitch includes

A

Anorexia, nervousness, aggression
Nest making
Nursing of inanimate objects
Lactation and occasionally false parturition

40
Q

How is puedopregnancy in the bitch treated

A

Admin. of prolactin inhibitors (cabergoline/ bromocriptine @ 5ug/kg ; 0.1ml/kg orally) for 5-7days

41
Q

What is the breeding pattern of cats

A

Seasonal polyestrus

42
Q

The oestrus cycles of queens are dependent on what

A

Photoperiod

43
Q

The how long are the photoperiods in cats?

A

12-14hrs (long day breeder)

44
Q

If bitches are spontaneous ovulators, what types are queens?

A

Induced

45
Q

Age what age do queens reach maturity?

A

6 to 9mths

46
Q

Peak fertility in queens is reached when

A

2-6yrs

47
Q

Onset of proestrus and estrus in cats are indicated by what?

A

Behavioural signs

48
Q

What happens to queen’s cyclicity exposed to less than 8hrs of light

A

Cyclicity stops abruptly and folliculogenesis is inhibited

49
Q

The cyclicity of queens affected by decreased light can be resumed when

A

Exposed to 14hr photoperiod after 16days

50
Q

What are the stages of the estrous cycle in the feline and the associated lengths of each cycle

A 
Proestrus: 0-1day
Oestrus: 2-6days
Interestrus 8-15days
Diestrus or psuedopregnancy
Anoestrus: occurs naturally in periods of short daylight hours with increase secretion of melatonin
51
Q

Proestrus in queens are characterized by (6points)

A 
Rubbing
Threading with rear feet
Vocalisation
Reduced aggression to males
Lasts 1 to 2 days
Estrogen is predominant
52
Q

Estrus in queens are characterized by (9 points)

A

Increased vocalisation
Lordosis
Allows copulation
Lasts 5 to 8 days
Duration not influenced by copulation
An ovulatory cycles occur every 2 to 3 weeks
Interestrous period of a few days may occur
Queen screams at end of copulation and is aggressive to tom
Repeated breedings are common after this

53
Q

Interestrus is the period

A

Between successive estrus if ovulation does not occur

54
Q

In pregnant queens, CL secrete what hormone and for how long

A

Progesterone for up to 65 days

55
Q

In non pregnant queens, CLs persist for how long

A

30-40days

56
Q

Lactating queens do not resume cycling until how long after weaning

A

2-3wks

57
Q

Differences between canine estrous cycle and other species

A

Long interestrous interval
Long proestrus and estrus
Lifespan of CL is independent of pregnancy
Oocyte ovulated is immature
Long viability of oocyte and sperm within the uterus

Theriogenology (8 decks)

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