Canine/Feline Therio - 1 Intro

Question 1

In the majority of domestic species, the interval between one ovulation and another is approx

Answer 1

21 days

Question 2

Oestrous is the period of sexual receptiveness when

Answer 2

Mating is allowed

Question 3

Luteal phase consist of metoestrus and dioestrus is the period of

Answer 3

Preparation of pregnacy

Question 4

Pro-oestrus is the period of preparation for return to

Answer 4

Oestrus

Question 5

Anestrus is the period of

Answer 5

Sexual inactivity

Question 6

The average length of one ovulation and the next in a bitch is

Answer 6

7 months

Question 7

The average length of one ovulation to the next in the queen is

Answer 7

14-21 days

Question 8

The breeding pattern of bitches are

Answer 8

Non seasonal mono oestrus

Question 9

The 1st (pubertal) oestrus onset in the bitch occurs when

Answer 9

Approx 9mths ( 6-14mths)

Question 10

Peak fertility in the bitch is reached at

Answer 10

2yrs (until 6-7)

Question 11

The average interval of cyclicity of the bitch is 7mths but divided into different stages, name these stages and the associated length of time of completion

Answer 11

Pro-oestrus: 10days
Oestrus: 10days
Luteal Phase (Metoestrus/dioestrus: 2mths (pregnancy or non pregnacy)
Anestrus: 4.5mths

Question 12

What are the clinical signs of pro-oestrus in the bitch (7 points)

Answer 12

Stimulation of follicle development by FSH and LH

Enlargement and reddening of vulval lips

Appearance of serosanguineous vulvar discharge

Increased attractiveness to male dogs

Increased urine marking and tendency to roam

Sexual attractiveness but refusal to allow mating

Vaginal mucosa changes from cuboidal epithelium to a startified sqamous epithelium

Question 13

What are the clinical signs of the oestrus in the bitch (6 points)

Answer 13

Inviting receptive behaviour

Standing to be mated

Movement of tail to uncover the vulva & Spinal lordosis

Pheromones are secreted under the influence of oestrogen within RT discharge and urine

Loss of oedema, wrinkling of vaginal wall mucosa.

Characterised initially by elevated conc. of oestrogen, which then decline prior to ovulation

Question 14

Ovulation in the bitch is stimulated by

Answer 14

LH surge

Question 15

LH surge stimulating ovulation in the bitch occurs when

Answer 15

Few days after peak concentration of oestrogen

Question 16

Ovulation is spontaneous in the bitch and occurs how long after the surge in LH

Answer 16

48-60hrs after

Question 17

In the bitch prior to ovulation, there is an increase in a critical factor hormone called

Answer 17

Plasma progesterone

Question 18

Fertilization period in the bitch is the time

Answer 18

When oocytes are available to be fertilized

Question 19

In the bitch, the fertilization period commenses

Answer 19

2 days after ovulation

Question 20

How long does the fertilization period in the bitch extends after its commensal

Answer 20

Extends until 5 days

Question 21

Fertile period in the bitch is the time

Answer 21

During which mating could result in conception

Question 22

At the time of ovulation in the bitch, oocytes are immature and can not be fertilized immediately.

Fertilization can only occur when?

Answer 22

Extrusion of the 1st polar body and completion of the 1st meiotic division to form the secondary oocyte

Question 23

In bitches, maturation of an immature oocyte to a secondary oocyte takes how long? Where does it occur? and how long does it remain viable?

Answer 23

48-60hrs within the distal oviduct (start of fertilization period) and remains fertilizable for 9-10days

Question 24

In the luteal phase in bitches, progesterone continue to increase to reach what conc. by the end of oestrus

Answer 24

10-25ng/ml

Question 25

In the bitch luteal phase, what are the luteotrophic factors

Answer 25

Prolactin, LH and to some extent progesterone

Question 26

In the bitch, name some prolactin inhibitors

Answer 26

Cabergoline and Bromocriptine

Question 27

Prolactin inhibitors and prostaglandins will do what in pregnant and non-pregnant dogs

Answer 27

Terminate the luteal phase after day 25

Question 28

In the bitch, anestrus is the period of sexual inactivity and marks the interval between

Answer 28

Dioestrus and the start of the next oestrus cycle

Question 29

What are the signs of anestrus in the bitch (6 points)

Answer 29

Throughout anoestrus the reproductive tract is quiescent. Internal and external genitalia including mammary glands are at their smallest observed size. Vaginal wall is relatively thin and easily traumatized by digital examination/collection of epi cells Endometrial repair occurs in bitch that has whelped Not lengthened by pregnancy or lactation The bitch has no attraction to or from the male

Question 30

What is the progesterone profile during pregnacy in bitches

Answer 30

Progesterone conc. are slightly higher in pregnant bitches Progesterone plateau is broader during pregnancy Luteal phase is slightly longer in non pregnancy (66 days) compared to pregnancy (63 days)

Question 31

What is the difference in the prolactin conc. between preg and non preg bitches

Answer 31

4 times greater in pregnant bitches

Question 32

What happens to the progesterone conc. during the 2nd half of the luteal phase in the bitch during pregnancy

Answer 32

It starts to decline

Question 33

What happens, in the bitch when there is a decline in progesterone conc. in the 2nd half of the luteal phase during pregnancy

Answer 33

Concomitant increase in plasma prolactin concentration (starts increasing at day 30, plateau at day 50 and remains elevated throughout lactation)

Question 34

The decline in progesterone during pregnancy triggers what?

Answer 34

Parturition

Question 35

During lactation in bitches, action of suckling induces what

Answer 35

Increase secretion of prolactin

Question 36

Lactation in the bitch lasts for how long? what happens to prolactin conc?

Answer 36

6wks | Prolactin conc declines

Question 37

What is psuedopregnancy in bitches

Answer 37

The long luteal phase of the non-pregnant cycle

Question 38

The clinical signs of psuedopregnancy is mediated by what hormone

Answer 38

Prolactin

Question 39

Clinical signs of psuedopregnancy in the bitch includes

Answer 39

Anorexia, nervousness, aggression Nest making Nursing of inanimate objects Lactation and occasionally false parturition

Question 40

How is puedopregnancy in the bitch treated

Answer 40

Admin. of prolactin inhibitors (cabergoline/ bromocriptine @ 5ug/kg ; 0.1ml/kg orally) for 5-7days

Question 41

What is the breeding pattern of cats

Answer 41

Seasonal polyestrus

Question 42

The oestrus cycles of queens are dependent on what

Answer 42

Photoperiod

Question 43

The how long are the photoperiods in cats?

Answer 43

12-14hrs (long day breeder)

Question 44

If bitches are spontaneous ovulators, what types are queens?

Answer 44

Induced

Question 45

Age what age do queens reach maturity?

Answer 45

6 to 9mths

Question 46

Peak fertility in queens is reached when

Answer 46

2-6yrs

Question 47

Onset of proestrus and estrus in cats are indicated by what?

Answer 47

Behavioural signs

Question 48

What happens to queen's cyclicity exposed to less than 8hrs of light

Answer 48

Cyclicity stops abruptly and folliculogenesis is inhibited

Question 49

The cyclicity of queens affected by decreased light can be resumed when

Answer 49

Exposed to 14hr photoperiod after 16days

Question 50

What are the stages of the estrous cycle in the feline and the associated lengths of each cycle

Answer 50

``` Proestrus: 0-1day Oestrus: 2-6days Interestrus 8-15days Diestrus or psuedopregnancy Anoestrus: occurs naturally in periods of short daylight hours with increase secretion of melatonin ```

Question 51

Proestrus in queens are characterized by (6points)

Answer 51

``` Rubbing Threading with rear feet Vocalisation Reduced aggression to males Lasts 1 to 2 days Estrogen is predominant ```

Question 52

Estrus in queens are characterized by (9 points)

Answer 52

Increased vocalisation Lordosis Allows copulation Lasts 5 to 8 days Duration not influenced by copulation An ovulatory cycles occur every 2 to 3 weeks Interestrous period of a few days may occur Queen screams at end of copulation and is aggressive to tom Repeated breedings are common after this

Question 53

Interestrus is the period

Answer 53

Between successive estrus if ovulation does not occur

Question 54

In pregnant queens, CL secrete what hormone and for how long

Answer 54

Progesterone for up to 65 days

Question 55

In non pregnant queens, CLs persist for how long

Answer 55

30-40days

Question 56

Lactating queens do not resume cycling until how long after weaning

Answer 56

2-3wks

Question 57

Differences between canine estrous cycle and other species

Answer 57

Long interestrous interval Long proestrus and estrus Lifespan of CL is independent of pregnancy Oocyte ovulated is immature Long viability of oocyte and sperm within the uterus