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Theriogenology > Bovine Therio 4 Part 1 Bovine Gestational Problems > Flashcards

Bovine Therio 4 Part 1 Bovine Gestational Problems Flashcards

1
Q

Give 5 problems of gestation in bovines

A 
Early Embryonic Death
Hydrops
Foetal Mummification
Foetal Maceration
Vaginal Prolapse
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2
Q

Bovine early embryonic death can occur before or after pregnancy recognition, how does this affect the oestrous cycle

A

Majority occurs before: <14 days. No extension of luteal phase

After: Increased interestrus interval

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3
Q

Bovine EED environmental factors

A

Stress
Nutrition
Failure of maternal recognition of pregnancy
Infectious agents

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4
Q

Bovine EED genetic causes

A

Single gene defects (can be heterozygous but most lethal defects are with the homozygous)
If not lethal > surviving offspring is productive waste
Chromosomal abnormalities

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5
Q

Give examples of bovine genetic defects caused by recessive conditions

A 
Arthrogryposis
Achondrodysplasia
Hip dysplasia
Syndactyly
Oedematous calves
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6
Q

Give the number of chromosomes of cattle, sheep and goat. Give examples (2) of abnormalities

A

Cattle and Sheep 60
Goat 54

XO - Turner’s syndrome
XXY - Klinefelter’s syndrome

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7
Q

Turner’s syndrome in cattle result in

A

Infertility

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8
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome in cattle results in

A

Phenotypic male - small testes, azospermic, sterile

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9
Q

Define hydrops in cows

A

The result of a malfunction of the uterus or placenta, causing an increased production and accumulation of fluid in the amnionic sac (Hydrops amnion) or the allantoic sac (hydrallantois)

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10
Q

Define Hyrallantois in cows

A

The result of dysfunction of the placenta, resulting in an increased production of a fluid within the allantoic sac

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11
Q

What is the normal allantoic fluid of a cattle compared to a cattle with hydrallantois

A

Normal 8-15L

Hydrallantois 150L

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs of hydrallantois in cattle

A

Bilateral abdominal distention (apple shaped appearance), dyspnoea, anorexia, dehydration, constipation, no rumen activity, rupture of prepubic tendon in extreme cases

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13
Q

Define Hydramnios in cattle

A

Results from an abnormality of the fetus, which causes the gradual accumulation of fluid within the amniotic sac

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14
Q

In hydramnios in cattle, how much fluid is accumulated in the amniotic sac

A

3-5L

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of hydramnios in cattle

A

Bilateral abdominal distention (pear shaped Not apple)

Foetal anomaly

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16
Q

Differentiate cattle hydrallantois under these parameters

  • Cause
  • Incidence
  • Rate
  • Fluid volume
  • Placentome foetus
  • Foetus
  • Prognosis
A 
Cause - dysfunction of plecenta
Incidence - 85-95%
Rate - rapid
Fluid volume - 150
Placentome foetus - not palpable
Foetus - small
Prognosis - poor
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17
Q

Differentiate cattle hydramnios under these parameters

  • Cause
  • Incidence
  • Rate
  • Fluid volume
  • Placentome foetus
  • Foetus
  • Prognosis
A 
Cause - foetal abnormality
Incidence - 5-15%
Rate - slow
Fluid volume - 3-5L
Placentome foetus - palpable
Foetus - malformed
Prognosis - good
18
Q

Why carry a hydrallantois cow to term?

A

The problem is with the placenta alone hence the calf is still normal. Probably do not want to breed from the mother again so cull mother, and use calf for beef

19
Q

Why carry a hydramnios cow to term?

A

You do not…the problem is with the calf. Hence abort and mother can be used to breed again

20
Q

Differential diagnosis for cows with hydrops

A

Bloat

21
Q

What is the treatment/management for hydrops in cattle

A

Induction of parturition
Draining/modified c-section
Mgt. fluid/shock

22
Q

Sequelae for hydrops in catte include

A 
Retained foetal membrane
Metritis
Circulation failure
Hernia
Prepubic tendon rupture
Coxo-femoral dislocation
23
Q

Foetal mummification results in what? When does it occur and the causes.

A 
Foetal death
2nd Trimester
Viral etiology
Closed cervix so > Lack of O2, bacteria
CL
24
Q

Mummification of calf foetus occurs more commonly at 3-4mths. What are the characteristic appearance of such foetus

A

Bird-like head with deep sockets

25
Q

Mummification of a calf foetus at 7mths has what appearance

A

Hematic mummification with black hemoglobin staining

26
Q

Diagnosis of mummification of calf foetus

A

Anoestrus or prolonged gestation (due to CL)

Rectal palp - “woody” foetus

27
Q

How is a cow with a mummified foetus treated

A

PGF
Glucocorticoids are ineffective
Prognosis - Good

28
Q

What is foetal maceration in cattle

A

Disintegration of foetus by bacterial invasion

29
Q

Diagnosis of maceration of calf foetus

A

Foul vaginal discharge

Rectal palp - crepitant bones

30
Q

How is a cow with macerated foetus treated

A

Can try to rid cow of bacteria and remove bones
Poor prognosis - “bag of bones can cause peritonitis. Cull
PGF problematic - poor cervical dilation, retention bones

31
Q

Predisposing factors of vaginal prolapse in cattle

A 
Parity
Breed
Obesity
Terrain
Previous Dystocia
Increased endogenous oestrogen level in late pregnancy
32
Q

What cattle breeds are predisposed to vaginal prolapse

A

Hereford, Santa, Gertrudis

33
Q

When is a vaginal prolapse most likely to occur in cattle

A

Last trimester of gestation

34
Q

There are 4 degrees of vaginal prolapse in cattle. Describe them

A

First degree – only intermittent exposure of the vaginal floor.
Second degree – vaginal floor is continually exposed.
Third degree – continuous exposure of the vaginal floor, the urinary bladder and the cervix through the vulva.
Fourth degree – a first or second degree prolapse leading to necrosis of prolapsed tissue

35
Q

How are vaginal prolapses treated in cattle

A 
Clean
Elevate hindquarters to allow emptying of bladder
Epidural
Retention sutures – horizontal mattress 
Prolapse pins
Buhner method
Boot lace sutures
Modified Caslick’s
36
Q

What would you recommend to a farmer about his cow with a vaginal prolapse and why

A

Cull.

Vaginal prolapse are chronic and hereditary and tends to reoccur

37
Q

What are the causes of prepubic tendon rupture in the cattle

A

Hyrops

Multiple foeti

38
Q

When does rupture of prepubic tendon occur in cattle

A

Final month of pregnancy

39
Q

What are the features of a cattle with a ruptures prepubic tendon

A

Loss of udder definition

Saw horse stance

40
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for cattle with prepubic tendon rupture

A

Haematoma

41
Q

What is the recommendation for a cow with a rupture prepubic tendon and why

A

Cull

Calves will have dystocia because mothers cannot contract properly

Theriogenology (8 decks)

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