Bovine Therio 4 Part 1 Bovine Gestational Problems Flashcards
Give 5 problems of gestation in bovines
Early Embryonic Death Hydrops Foetal Mummification Foetal Maceration Vaginal Prolapse
Bovine early embryonic death can occur before or after pregnancy recognition, how does this affect the oestrous cycle
Majority occurs before: <14 days. No extension of luteal phase
After: Increased interestrus interval
Bovine EED environmental factors
Stress
Nutrition
Failure of maternal recognition of pregnancy
Infectious agents
Bovine EED genetic causes
Single gene defects (can be heterozygous but most lethal defects are with the homozygous)
If not lethal > surviving offspring is productive waste
Chromosomal abnormalities
Give examples of bovine genetic defects caused by recessive conditions
Arthrogryposis Achondrodysplasia Hip dysplasia Syndactyly Oedematous calves
Give the number of chromosomes of cattle, sheep and goat. Give examples (2) of abnormalities
Cattle and Sheep 60
Goat 54
XO - Turner’s syndrome
XXY - Klinefelter’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome in cattle result in
Infertility
Klinefelter’s syndrome in cattle results in
Phenotypic male - small testes, azospermic, sterile
Define hydrops in cows
The result of a malfunction of the uterus or placenta, causing an increased production and accumulation of fluid in the amnionic sac (Hydrops amnion) or the allantoic sac (hydrallantois)
Define Hyrallantois in cows
The result of dysfunction of the placenta, resulting in an increased production of a fluid within the allantoic sac
What is the normal allantoic fluid of a cattle compared to a cattle with hydrallantois
Normal 8-15L
Hydrallantois 150L
What are the clinical signs of hydrallantois in cattle
Bilateral abdominal distention (apple shaped appearance), dyspnoea, anorexia, dehydration, constipation, no rumen activity, rupture of prepubic tendon in extreme cases
Define Hydramnios in cattle
Results from an abnormality of the fetus, which causes the gradual accumulation of fluid within the amniotic sac
In hydramnios in cattle, how much fluid is accumulated in the amniotic sac
3-5L
What are the clinical signs of hydramnios in cattle
Bilateral abdominal distention (pear shaped Not apple)
Foetal anomaly
Differentiate cattle hydrallantois under these parameters
- Cause
- Incidence
- Rate
- Fluid volume
- Placentome foetus
- Foetus
- Prognosis
Cause - dysfunction of plecenta Incidence - 85-95% Rate - rapid Fluid volume - 150 Placentome foetus - not palpable Foetus - small Prognosis - poor
Differentiate cattle hydramnios under these parameters
- Cause
- Incidence
- Rate
- Fluid volume
- Placentome foetus
- Foetus
- Prognosis
Cause - foetal abnormality Incidence - 5-15% Rate - slow Fluid volume - 3-5L Placentome foetus - palpable Foetus - malformed Prognosis - good
Why carry a hydrallantois cow to term?
The problem is with the placenta alone hence the calf is still normal. Probably do not want to breed from the mother again so cull mother, and use calf for beef
Why carry a hydramnios cow to term?
You do not…the problem is with the calf. Hence abort and mother can be used to breed again
Differential diagnosis for cows with hydrops
Bloat
What is the treatment/management for hydrops in cattle
Induction of parturition
Draining/modified c-section
Mgt. fluid/shock
Sequelae for hydrops in catte include
Retained foetal membrane Metritis Circulation failure Hernia Prepubic tendon rupture Coxo-femoral dislocation
Foetal mummification results in what? When does it occur and the causes.
Foetal death 2nd Trimester Viral etiology Closed cervix so > Lack of O2, bacteria CL
Mummification of calf foetus occurs more commonly at 3-4mths. What are the characteristic appearance of such foetus
Bird-like head with deep sockets
