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Cancer Y2 > Cancer Surgery > Flashcards

Cancer Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons for of cancer surgery

A

Diagnostic
Staging
Treatment
Reconstructive
Palliative
Resection

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2
Q

What type of surgery cures primary cancer

A

Treatment

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3
Q

What type of surgery cures metastasis and local recurrence

A

Resection

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4
Q

Types of biopsy methods

A

Transcutaneous
Endoscopic
Laparoscopic
Image directed
Open incisional
Open exisional

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5
Q

What is the difference between open incisional and open excisional biopsies

A

Incisional removes portion of tumour, excisionalremoves all of tumour

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6
Q

Purpose of pre operative counselling and assessment

A

Assess risk benefit ratio
Identify and treat underlying health problems
Psychological preparation
Physical assessment

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7
Q

Types of surgery

A

Local resection
Radical resection
Supra radical resection
Surgery for metastasis/recurrence
Surgical management of complications

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8
Q

What is removed in a radical resection

A

Tumour + lymph nodes

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9
Q

What is removed in a supra radical resection

A

Tumour + lymph nodes + organs

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10
Q

Methods of cancer spread

A

Direct invasive
Lymphatics
Bloodstream
Implantation

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11
Q

Purpose of pre operative staging

A

Determine treatment options

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12
Q

Purpose of post operative histological staging

A

Prognostic info
Adjuvant therapy decisions
Compare treatment outcomes between centres

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13
Q

What do the prefixes p c y and r mean before TMN stage

A

P = pathological state
C = clinical stage
Y = restated after therapy
R = restated after recurrence

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14
Q

What type of cancer is classified using dukes classification

A

Colorectal

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15
Q

When can radical surgery be used for cancer

A

When cancer is area/organ confined

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16
Q

When surgery is used in combination with chemo/radiotherapy, which is used first

A

Either

17
Q

What is R0

A

Removal of all tissue containing the tumour with a margin of intact unaffected tissue

18
Q

Why might curative resection not be possible

A

Invasion of vital structure
Undetectable micrometastasis
Metastases that cannot be safely remives

19
Q

Principles of surgical resection of tumour

A

Adequate margin of resection
Prevention of tumour spillage
Minimal manipulation
Anatomical reconstruction

20
Q

Treatment of TMN T1 and 2 cancers

A

Radical surgery

21
Q

Treatment of TMN T3 cancer

A

Radical surgery +/- radio/chemo

22
Q

Treatment of TMN T4 cancer

A

Radical/palliative surgery + chemo/radio

23
Q

What type of adjuvant treatment is used alongside surgery in TMN N0 cancer

A

Nothing

24
Q

What type of adjuvant treatment is used alongside surgery in TMN N1/2 cancer

A

Adjuvant with curative intent

25
Q

What type of adjuvant treatment is used alongside surgery in TMN N3 cancer

A

Adjuvant with palliative intent

26
Q

How is metastasised cancer treated

A

Surgery + radio + chemo

27
Q

4 types of minimally invasive surgery

A

Hand assisted
Laparoscopic
Robot assisted
Surgery through natural orifice

28
Q

How is more room created in the abdomen for laparoscopic surgery

A

Insufflation

29
Q

Anaesthetic surgical complications

A

Trauma to teeth/throat from intubation
Drug reaction/allergy
Aspiration of eosophageal/gastric contents
Anaesthetic line complications
Lung injury from high pressure ventilation
Iontropes
Electrolyte imbalance

30
Q

General surgery complications

A

Bleeding
Infection
UTI
DVT/PE
respiratory complications
Scar/adhesion
Neuropathy
Psychological effects

31
Q

Purpose of palliative surgery

A

Pain control
Relieve GI, airway, and biliary obstruction
Stop haemorrhage
Nutrition supplement
Renal failure treatment
Incontinence treatment

32
Q

What is prehabilitation

A

Increasing fitness of cancer patients before surgery to improve outcomes

Cancer Y2 (11 decks)

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