Cancer Surgery Flashcards
What is extirpative surgery? [1]
involves the removal of diseased tissue or organs
Cancer surgery types
Whats the purpose of:
Diagnostic surgery [1]
Staging surgery? [1]
Treatment surgery? [1]
- Diagnosis – biopsy
-
Staging – eg Laparoscopy – Diagnosis/ planning of
treatment - Treatment - for cure of primary
Cancer surgery types
Whats the purpose of:
Reconstruction surgery [1]
Palliation surgery? [1]
Resection surgery? [1]
- Reconstruction - for example, breast reconstruction after a mastectomy
- Palliation and tumour debulking
- Resection for cure of metastasis and local recurrence
What are the different types of biopsy? [6]
- Transcutaneous
- Endoscopic Biopsy
- Laparoscopic Biopsy
-
Image-directed (with fine-needle aspiration or
cutting needle)
–Ultrasonography
–Computerized tomography
–Magnetic resonance imaging - Open incisional ( portion of the tumor)
- Open excisional (all tumor mass removed)
What are the 5 types of surgical treatment? [5]
- Local resection
-
Radical resection with en-bloc resection of
lymph nodes - Supra-radical resections = LN+Organs
- Surgery for metastasis/recurrence
- Surgical management of complications
Name a classification type for bowel cancer [1]
Dukes Classification
Curative Resection
The complete removal of tumour is termed []
The complete removal of tumour is termed R0
Define curative resection [1]
0 involves removal of all the tissue containing the
tumour with a margin of intact unaffected tissue
Why may curative resection not be successful? [3]
– Invasion of a vital, unresectable structure (e.g. SMA)
– Undetectable micrometastasis in distal organ
– Distal metastasis which cannot be safely removed
When is radical surgery utilised as treatment? [1]
What tissue is removed? [2]
When area/organ-confined & it is likely that all of the tumour can be removed with clear margins.
Lymph Nodes which drain the affected area are sometimes removed along with the primary tumour
Define Curative Resection [1]
What are the 3 categories of surgery? [3]
1. Open Surgery
2. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)
Hand Assisted (MIS)
Laparoscopic Surgery
Robot Assisted Surgery
Surgery thru natural orifice (NOTES)
3. Image Guided Surgery
What are the 4 types of minimally invasive surgery? [4]
2. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)
Hand Assisted (MIS)
Laparoscopic Surgery
Robot Assisted Surgery
Surgery thru natural orifice (NOTES)
What are the 3 classifications for complications for surgery? [3]
Anaesthetic
* General
* Specific: Immediate/short/long term
Name 7 types of AEs that arise from anaesthesia for surgery? [7]
1. Local trauma– teeth, throat from intubation
2. Drug related – reaction/allergy
3. Aspiration of oesophageal/gastric contents
4. Anaesthetic line complication
– Arterial line
– bleeding
– Central venous line complication
– Epidural catheter complication
5. Lung injury from high pressure ventilation
6. Iontropes
7. Electrolyte imbalance
What is this type of surgery?
Hand Assisted (MIS)
Laparoscopic Surgery
Robot Assisted Surgery
Surgery thru natural orifice (NOTES)
What is this type of surgery?
Hand Assisted (MIS)
Laparoscopic Surgery
Robot Assisted Surgery
Surgery thru natural orifice (NOTES)
Laparoscopic vs Robotic surgery?
Define palliative surgery [1]
Name some examples
‘surgery performed for relief of symptoms caused by advanced cancer not amenable for cure’
- Adequate control of pain
- Relief gastrointestinal and biliary obstruction
- Stop haemorrhage
- Supplement poor nutrition
- Airway obstruction
- Renal failure
- Rectal or urinary incontinence
Which types of urological cancer are now treted robotically? [4]
- Prostate cancer – robotic prostatectomy
-
Bladder cancer – robotic cystectomy with
urinary diversion - Renal cancer – robotic partial nephrectomy
-
Testis cancer - robotic retroperitoneal lymph
node dissection
Which types of urological cancer are now treted robotically? [4]
Prostate cancer – robotic prostatectomy
* Bladder cancer – robotic cystectomy with
urinary diversion
* Renal cancer – robotic partial nephrectomy
* Testis cancer - robotic retroperitoneal lymph
node dissection
Name two potential future cancer surgery treatments
- Pre-emptive surgery in at risk populations (e.g. BRCA)
- Tissue and function-preserving improvements
Future potential cancer treatments
What are 4 types of tissue and function-preserving improvements surgery that may be possible in the future? [4]
- Ablative, minimally-invasive, image guided surgery
- Tissue-engineered, implantable “spare parts”
- Implantable monitors
- Treatment sensitizers
