Cancer Staging and Screening Flashcards
Breast T stage
TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0: no evidence of primary tumor Tis: Carcinoma in situ T1mi: Tumor < 1 mm T1a: 1 mm < tumor < 5 mm T1b: 5 mm < tumor < 1 cm T1c: 1 cm < tumor < 2 cm T2: 2 cm < tumor < 5 cm T3: Tumor > 5 cm T4a: Invades chest wall T4b: Macroscopic skin changes: ulceration, nodules, edema T4c: Both T4a and b T4d: Inflammatory Ca
Breast cN Category
cNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed
cN0: No regional nodal Mets
cN1: Mets to mobile ipsilateral level I/II nodes
cN2a: Mets to fixed ipsilateral level I/II nodes
cN2b: Mets to ipsilateral internal mammary nodes, no ax nodes
cN3a: Mets to ipsilateral level III, ± level I/II
cN3b: Mets to ipsilateral internal mammary nodes, PLUS level I/II
cN3c: Mets to ipsilateral supraclavicular nodes
Lymph node levels:
Level 1: inferolateral to pec minor
Level 2: posterior to pec minor
Level 3: medial to pec minor
Colon T stage
TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0: No evidence of primary tumor
Tis: Carcinoma in situ, intraepithelial or laminate propria only
T1: Invades submucosa
T2: Invades muscularis propria
T3: Invades pericolorectal tissue
T4a: Penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum
T4b: Macroscopic skin changes: ulceration, nodules, edema
T4c: Both T4a and b
T4d: Inflammatory Ca
Screening for hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
colonoscopy at age 20 to 25 years (repeated every 1-3 years), plus annual transvaginal ultrasound or endometrial aspiration (females) at age 20 to 25 years.
Screening for familial adenomatous polyposis
flexible proctosigmoidoscopy at age 10 to 12 years (repeated every 1-2 years until age 35 and every 3 years thereafter) and upper endoscopy every 1 to 3 years once polyps are identified.
Screening for Cowden disease
clinical thyroid examination (annually), mammography annually beginning at age 30 or 5 years before earliest breast cancer diagnosis in family members, and routine colonoscopic surveillance.
Screening for familial juvenile polyposis
annual colonoscopy with random biopsy specimens every 2 to 3 years (beginning at the onset of symptoms or by 12 years, whichever is earlier).
screening for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
upper endoscopy; small bowel radiographic study and colonoscopy (every 2 years); pancreatic ultrasound (annually); and gynecologic examination with pelvic ultrasound (annually), as well as mammography annually (beginning at age 25).
Colon N Stage
NX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed N0: No regional nodal mets N1: Mets in 1-3 regional nodes - N1a: 1 node - N1b: 2-3 nodes - N1c: Tumor deposits in subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolorectal tissues w/o regional mets N2: Mets in ≥ 4 nodes - N2a: 4-6 nodes - N2b: ≥ 7 nodes
Esophageal ca T stage
TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0: No evidence of primary tumor
Tis: High grade dysplasia, malignant cells confined to basement membrane
T1a: Tumor invades lamina propria or muscularis mucosa
T1b:Tumor invades submucosa
T2:Tumor invades muscularis propria
T3:Tumor invades adventitia
T4:Tumor invades adjacent structures
- T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum
- T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, and trachea
Esophageal ca N stage
NX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed N0: No regional nodal mets N1: Mets in 1-2 regional nodes N2: Mets in 3-6 regional nodes N3: Mets in ≥ 7 nodes
Lung T stage
T1 ≤ 3cm, surrounded by lung/visceral pleura, and not invading main bronchus
T2 3-5 cm or involvement of main bronchus without carina, regardless of distance
