Cancer/Immunotherapy Flashcards
What is cancer immunoediting?
Cancer immunoediting is a process driven by tumour antigenicity resulting in either: elimination (tumour rejection), equilibrium (immune control of residual tumour cell outgrowth) or escape (tumour evasion of immune control).
What is the elimination phase of immunoediting?
Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems work together to detect and destroy early tumours before they become clinically visible.
What is the equilibrium phase of immunoediting?
The immune system holds the tumour in a state of functional dormancy.
What is the escape phase of immunoediting?
The immune system fails to restrict tumour outgrowth and tumour cells emerge causing clinically apparent disease.
What is invasion?
Growth by infiltration and destruction of surrounding tissues.
What is metastasis?
Spread of tumour to-and growth at- ectopic sites, via blood, lymphatics, intra-epithelial route or transcoelomic. Metastatic spread of the primary tumour accounts for over 90% of patient mortality associated with solid cancers.
What is carcinoma?
Malignant tumour derived from epithelial cells. Approx. 80% of human cancers.
What is sarcoma?
Malignant tumour derived from mesenchymal cells.
What is melanoma?
Malignant tumour derived from neural crest cells.
What is leukaemia?
Malignant tumour derived from circulating white blood cells.
What is lymphoma?
Malignant tumour derived from the lymphatic system.
What is the basement membrane?
Is a barrier to cancer spread. It is a layer of ECM made up of fibronectin, type IV collagen, laminin etc.
