Cancer Drugs Classes/Targets Flashcards
Osimertinib
- Kinase-i
- EGFR-i (inhibits T790M mutation)
BlinatumUmab
- Bispecific antibody (T cell Engager) (BiTE)
- binds CD3 to CD19
Tucatinib
- Kinase-i
- HER2-i &TKI
M Phase
Microtubule-i
Alectinib
- Kinase-i
- EML4-ALK-i
- genetic testing for mutation
Cyclophosphamide
- Alkylator
- Prodrug –> phosphoramide mustard (PM)
- Add Mesna to decrease acrolein (byproduct)
- D-L: Hemorrhagic cystitis
Midostaurin
- Kinase-i
- FLT3-i (broad)
Methotrexate
- Antifolate
- DHFR-i (inhibits TMP synthesis)
- RM: inc. DHFR and dec. polyglutamation
- Rescue: Leucovorin (rescues toxic effects)
Bortezomib
- Proteasome-i
- SE: neuropathy
Abiraterone
- Endocrine
-17alpha-hydrolase and C17,20 lyase-i - SE: inc. cholesterol
6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP)
- Antimetabolite
- Purine analog (inhibits purine synthesis)
- RM: loss of HGPRT (activating enzyme)
- inactivated by TPMT
- DrugI: Allopurinol
Fulvestrant
- Endocrine
- SERD (selective estrogen receptor down-modulator)
Leuprolide
- Endocrine
- GnRH Analog
- SE: gynecomastia, sex dysfxn
PembroliZUmab
- Antibody
- targets PD-1 (blocks interaction with PD-L1)
Cytarabine (Ara-C)
- Antimetabolite
- Cytosine Analog (inhibits DNA polymerase)
- Prodrug –> Ara-CTP
- RM: inc. cytidine deaminase (CDA)
- Synergy: Tethrahydrouridine (CDA-i)
Gefitinib
- Kinase-i
- EGFR-i (Exon 19 or 21) (L858R)
- RM: T790M mutation
G2 Phase
- Top2-i (Etoposide and Bleomycin)
CAR-T
- Cell-based Tx
Venetoclax
- Anti-Apoptotic protein-i
- BCL-2-i
RituXImab
- Antibody
- targets CD20 (B cell/ Non-Hodgkin’s)
CetuXImab
- Antibody
- EGF-i
- SEVERE infusion rxn
Imatinib
- Kinase-i
- Bcr-Abl-i
- RM: T3151 mutation
- Tox: fluid retention and edema
Sipulcel-T (Provenge)
- Cell-Based Tx
- PAP-GM-CSF
- “Therapeutic Vaccine”
G1 Phase
- CDK4/6-i
TrastuZUmab
- Antibody
- targets HER2
- combo with Pertu and Docetaxel
TrastuZUmab Emtansine
- Antibody-drug conjugate
- HER2 antibody
- microtubule destabilizer
Letrozole
- Endocrine
- Aromatase-i (non-steroidal)
Enzalutamide
- Endocrine
- Androgen Receptor Antagonist
Erubulin
- Microtubule-i
- microtubule polymerization-i (destabilizer)
- Lower rate of neurotoxicity than Vinca Alkaloids)
PertuZUmab
- Antibody
- targerts HER2 (prevents dimerization)
- combo with Trastu and Docetaxel
Taquetamab
- Bispecific antibody (T cell Engager) (BiTE)
- binds CD3 with GPRC5D
Ponatinib
- Kinase-i
- Bcr-Abl-i (inhibits T3151 mutation)
Cisplatin
- Platinum Compound
- Prodrug –> Aquo form
- D-L: Nephrotoxicity (proximal tubule)
Teclistamab
- Bispecific antibody (T cell Engager) (BiTE)
- binds CD3 with BCMA (B cell maturation antigen)
Lapatinib
- Kinase-i
- EGFR-i & HER2-i
- SE: reversible dec. in cardiac function
Doxorubicin
- Top2-1
- intercalates (free radicals)
- SE: cardiotoxicity (iron-catalyzed free radical formation), extravasation
- add Dexrazoxane to dec. cardiotoxicity
S phase
- Anti-Metabolites
- Anti-Folates
- Top1-i
Non-Cell Cycle Specific
- Alkylators
- Platinum Compounds
- Top2-i (Doxorubicin)
5-Azacytosine
- DNA Methylation-i
- DNMT-i (reactivation of tumor suppressor genes)
Olaparib
- Kinase-1
- PARP-i (traps PARP to DNA)
- need BRCA mutation for PARP-i to work (BRCA is a tumor suppressor)
- “synthetic lethality”
Afatinib
- Kinase-i
- Covalent EGFR-i (Exon 19 or 21)
- RM: T790M mutation
- genetic test for mutation
Paclitaxel
- Microtubule-i (taxane)
- Microtubule stabilizer
- D-L: myelosuppresion
- Linked to albumin
Exemestane
- Endocrine
- Aromatase-i (steroidal)
Vincristine
- Microtubule-i (Vinca Alkaloid)
- Microtubule Destabilizers
- D-L: neurotoxicity
- SE: extravasation
- Rm: pGP
Quizartinib
- Kinase-i
- FLT3-i (ITD mutation)
DaratumUmab
- Antibody
- targets CD 38 (plasma B cell)
Pomalidomide
- thalidomide analog
- degrades IKZF TFs
- Needs POMALYST and REMS
Etoposide
- Top2-i
- doesn’t intercalate (no free radicals)
Acalabrutinib
- Kinase-i
- BTK-i
Dabrafenib
- Kinase-i
- BRAF-V600-i
- Combo with Trametinib (b/c Dabraf induces squamous cell carcinomas)
Sirolimus
- Kinase-i
- Rapamycin Analog (mTOR-i) (blocks IL-2 signaling)
Irinotecan
- Top1-i
- RM: pGP, MRP, GST
AtezoliZUmab
- Antibody
- binds PD-L1 (blocks interaction with PD-1)
Bleomycin
- glycopeptide antibiotic (Top2-i)
- free radicals cause DNA breaks
- SE: Pulmonary toxicity and Rash (low levels of bleo aminohydrolase in skin and lungs)
- RM: inc. bleo aminohydrolase
MosunetuZUmab
- Bispecific antibody (T cell Engager) (BiTE)
- binds CD3 with
CD20 - D-L: cytokine storm
Mitomycin C
- Alkylator
- D-L: myelosuppression
RamucirUmab
- Antibody
- VGEF-i (binds receptor)
Tamoxifen
- Endocrine
- SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator)
- Prodrug (CYP2D6)
Palbociclib
- Kinase-i
- CDK4/6-i (stops phosphorylation of Rb)
- involved in cell-cycle control
TrastuZUmab Deruxtecan
- Antibody-drug conjugate
- HER2 antibody
- Top1-i
BevaciZUmab
- Antibody
- VGEF-i (binds ligand)
5-FU
- Antimetabolite
- Uridine Analog (inhibit thymidylate synthase)
- Prodrug –> FdUMP
- RM: dec. of enzyme that 5-FU-> FdUMP
- Rescue: Thymidine
- Synergy: Leucovorin
- metabolized by DPD
IpilimUmab
- Antibody
- targets CTLA-4 (Remove Emergency breaks) (reverses CTL inhibition)
- SE: inflammatory response (may need high-dose corticosteroid)
Ixabepilone
- Microtubule-i (Epothilones)
- Microtubule stabilizers
Chlorambucil
- Alkylator
Trametinib
- Kinase-i
- MEK1 & MEK2-i
- can’t use if pt already received BRAF-i Tx
Crenolanib
- Kinase-i
- FLT3-i (more specific)