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Chemotherapy > Cancer drugs 1 > Flashcards

Cancer drugs 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the Antimetabolites class do?

A

Inhibit/interfere with DNA/RNA synthesis

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2
Q

What phase of the cell cycle are Antimetabolites specific for?

A

S phase

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3
Q

What are 5 examples of Antimetabolites

A
  1. Methotrexate
  2. 6-mercaptopurine
  3. 5 -fluorouracil
  4. Gemcitabine
  5. Cytarabine

MCG 56

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4
Q

What is methotrexate structrually related to

A

folic acid

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5
Q

what does methotrexate inhibit

A

dihydrofolate reducatase (DHFR)

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6
Q

what is methotrexate used for?

A

leukaemia, breast cancer, head and neck cancer

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7
Q

what phase of the cell cycle does methotrexate target?

A

s phase

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8
Q

what can low doses of methotrexate be used to treat?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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9
Q

what is 6-mercaptopurine used to treat?

A

maintenance of remission of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

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10
Q

what does 6-mercaptopurine inhibit

A

purine biosynthesis

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11
Q

what does 5-fluorouracil deplete

A

nucleotide pools

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12
Q

what is 5-flurorouracil often given with

A

methotrexate

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13
Q

what is gemcitabine an analogue of

A

deoxycytidine

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14
Q

what is gemcitabine used to treat

A

advanced metastatic pancreatic cancer

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15
Q

what is a major side effect of gemcitabine

A

myelosuppression

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16
Q

what does cytarabine cause

A

chain termination of DNA synthesis

17
Q

What are examples of antibiotic cancer drugs? 7 examples

A
  1. Dactinomycin
  2. Anthracyclines
  3. Alkylating Agents
  4. platinum drugs
  5. topoisomerase 1 inhibitors
  6. vinca alkaloids
  7. taxanes

DAAPTTV

18
Q

how does dactinomycin work

A

binds to DNA and interferes with transcription and DNA replication

19
Q

two examples of anthracyclines

A

doxorubicin and daunorubicin

20
Q

how do anthracyclines work?

A

generate free radicals that break DNA strands

21
Q

how do alkylating agents work

A

transfer alkyl groups to DNA, cause mutation

22
Q

three examples of platinum coordination complexes

A

cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin

23
Q

how do platinum complexs work

A

intefere with DNA replication and transcription

24
Q

What is topotecan used to treat

A

meastatic ovarian cancer adn lung cancer

25
Q

what is irinotecan used against

A

colon and rectal cancer

26
Q

what do both topoisomerase I inhibitors end in

27
Q

what do vinca alkaloids target

A

mitosis in metaphase

28
Q

examples of two vinca alkaloids

A

vincristine and vinl

blastine

29
Q

how do vinca alkaloids work

A

act by binding to tubulin, preventing polymerization into microtubules

30
Q

examples of taxanes

A

paclitaxel and docetaxel

Chemotherapy (8 decks)

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