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Precision Cancer Medicine > Cancer And Immune System > Flashcards

Cancer And Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

How do tumours subvert adaptive immune response? 4

A

Induction of T cell anergy/ exhaustion
Suppress effector functions and apoptosis
Induction, maintenance and expansion
Recruitment

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2
Q

How do tumours subvert innate immune response? 7

A 
Immune suppression by iNos and ARG1
Expansion and immune suppression
M2 polarisation and immune suppression
Inhibition of DC activation
Population expansion
Recruitment and immune suppression
Polarisation to pro tumour phenotype
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3
Q

3 facts about cd8+ cytotoxic T cells

A

When exposed to infected or dysfunctional somatic cells, they release perforins, granulocytes and granzymes

2 signal activation
Effector function needs regulation

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4
Q

What do CD4 th1 cells do

A

Enhancers of CTL effector response and macrophage activation

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5
Q

What is T cell exhaustion

A

An unresponsive state defined by loss of effector functions

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6
Q

What is T cell anergy?

A

An induced non responsive state as part of peripheral tolerance- so you don’t get self reactive T cells

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7
Q

What do exhausted T cells express?

A

Inhibitory receptors

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8
Q

Characteristic low production from anergic T cells

A

Il2

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9
Q

What can tumour cells produce to escape immune response? 6

A 
Ido
Tgfb
Il10
Pge2
Pdl1
Ctla4
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10
Q

What’s the drug that targets CTLA4?

A

Yervoy - ipilumumab

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11
Q

What has yervoy been approved in?

A

Unresectable or metastatic melanoma

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12
Q

What kind of drug is yervoy?

A

mAB- recombinant human IgG

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13
Q

6 immunoregulatory pathways in cancer

A 
Chronic ag stimulation
Defective cd4 help
Inhibitory receptors 
Suppressive cells
Soluble mediators
Metabolic checkpoint and hypoxia
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14
Q

4 types of mAbs

A

Murine
Chimeric
Humanised
Human

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15
Q

Murine mAb

A

Entirely murine AA

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16
Q

Chimeric mAB

A

Human constant (C) and murine variable (V) regions

17
Q

humanised mAB

A

Murine CDRs

18
Q

Human mAB

A

Entirely human aas

19
Q

Why are translation between human and mouse FcR responses complex?

A

Due to FcR structural diversity, functional differences and expression profiles of human FcRs

20
Q

Fc optimised mAb production 6 steps

A 
Hybridoma cDna isolation
Resolution of variable sequence
IgG optimisation
mAB production and purification 
Binding test
Treatment of humanised FcR mice
21
Q

What does Fak do?

A

Nuclear fak drives expression of Ccl5 and other chemokines in SCC tumour cells
Ccl5 promotes TReg recruitment/retention

TReg suppresses antitumour CD8+ cells

Precision Cancer Medicine (10 decks)

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