Cancer Flashcards
name a condition and a gene which increase the risk of leukaemia?
Down’s syndrome
Philadelphia chromosome
what is acute leukaemia?
clonal proliferation of myeloid/lymphoid precursors with reduced capacity to differentiate into more mature cellular elements. These cells accumulate in the BM and peripheral blood
name the two types of acute leukaemia? and who do they affect?
ALL - childhood disease
AML - frequently affects older adults
Features of acute leukaemia?
marrow failure - anaemia/bleeding/infection
peripheral lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
Ix for leukaemia?
peripheral blood film, BM aspirate, cytogenic studies, CXR, bloodl cultures, FBC, blood film, LP
What are the features of CML?
occurs middle aged, insidious fever/weight loss/sweating/anaemia, splenomegaly
which gene mutation is affected with ALL and CML?
philadelophia chromosome
Mx for CML?
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
what is CLL?
uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of mature B lymphocytes
features of CLL/
EARLY - generally asymptomatic
LATE - BM failure –> anaemia/infections/bleeding/hepatosplenomegaly
What is lymphoma?
neoplastic transformation of normal B and T cells predominantly in lymphoid tissue
Features of Hodgkins lymphoma?
YOUNG ADULT
- painless enlarged C nodes
- hepatosplenomegaly
- fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue
Ix for hodgkin’s lymphoma?
bloods - anaemia, ESR, abnormal LFTs
increased lactate dehydrogenase
CXR - LN enlargement in the chest?
Features of non-hodgkin lymphoma?
mainly >40 years old
painless LN enlargement
BM infiltration - anaemia, infection, bleeding
systemic symptoms
What is multiple myeloma?
malignant disease of the plasma cells of the bone marrow. Distinguished by increased excretion of Bence Jones protein in the urine
