Cancer Flashcards
what are some risk factors for head and neck cancer
tobacco, alcohol, virus (EBV, HPV), betel nut, hardwood
where do supraglottic tumours spread to
superior deep cervical nodes
where do glottic tumours spread to
normally stay on cords but can cause vocal/ airway obstruction
where do sub-glottic tumours spread to
spread to paratracheal nodes
what are symptoms of neck cancer
painless swollen glands, normally lateral, dysphonia (urgent referral), otalgia, neck lump
what investigations are done for neck cancer
examination, radiology (USS and FNA, biopsy, CT for stage), endoscopy
what are common benign nasal tumours
squamous papilloma, schneiderian papilloma, angiofibroma
what are common malignant nasal tumours
squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma
who commonly gets schneiderian papilloma and what is the main symptoms
50+ males who smoke/ weld/ inhale solvents/ HPV - blocked nose
who commonly gets nasopharyngeal carcinoma
males in far east, associated with EBV and nitrosamines
what are laryngeal polyps and who commonly gets them
infrequent reactive changes to laryngeal mucosa secondary to: vocal abuse, infection, smoking, hypothyroid - nodules on young women
what is a throat contact ulcer and what causes it
benign response to injury on posterior vocal cord - caused by chronic throat clearing, vocal abuse, gord, intubation
who commonly gets throat squamous papilloma
people in there 20-40s, related to HPV 6 and 11
what is a paranganglioma
tumour from neuroendocrine cells
what is a non-chromaffin paraganglioma
carotid/ aortic bodies, vagus, clusters around oral cavity, nose, nasopharynx and larynx - comon in aged 30-50
