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My2 ENT > Anatomy: ear and facial nerve > Flashcards

Anatomy: ear and facial nerve Flashcards

1
Q

which arteries perfuse the cranial cavity

A

ICA, vertebral ro form circle of willis

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2
Q

which arteries perfuse the face

A

ICA and ECA

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3
Q

which arteries perfuse the neck

A

ECA and subclavian artery

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4
Q

branches of ECA from proximal to distal (some anatomists like freaking out poor medical students)

A

superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial , occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal

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5
Q

what cranial nerve descends posteriorly to carotid sheath

A

CNX - vagus

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6
Q

how to post-synaptic nerve fibres course to their targets

A

peri-arterial plexuses

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7
Q

where does ENT venous supply ultimately drain too

A

internal jugular

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8
Q

what outflow is parasympathetic

A

craniosacral

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9
Q

where pre-ganglionic parasympathetic axons originate from and where do the postganglionic go

A

CNIII (oculomotor) –> ciliary G. CNVII (facial) –> pterygopalatine G. CNIX (glossopharyngeal) –> submandibular G. CNX (vagus) –> Otic G

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10
Q

where does lymphatics of ENT drain

A

right or left lymphatic duct

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11
Q

what node does the palatine tonsil drain to

A

jugulo-digastric node

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12
Q

what is the function of the pinna/ auricle (external ear)

A

collect soundwaves and funnels them to external acoustic meatus (ear hole)

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13
Q

what nerve runs with superficial temporal artery

A

auriculotermporal nerve CNV3

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14
Q

where is the tympanic cavity

A

middle ear

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15
Q

what is the function of tympanic cavity (2)

A

conduct soundwaves towards fluid filled cavaties of the inner ear. controls ossicles

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16
Q

what are the ossicles for and what are they called (lateral to medial)

A

bone conduction mechanism of hearing. Malleus, incus stapes

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17
Q

what joints are in-between ossicles

A

synovial

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18
Q

what ligaments are malleus and incus suspended from

A

tegmen tympani

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19
Q

where is the oval window

A

in the otic capsule (stapes and cochlea)

20
Q

what is the tympanic membrane

A

eardrum

21
Q

what are the 2 muscles in the middle ear, what innervates them and what do they do

A

tensor tympani muscle (CNv3), strapedius muscle (CNVII). dampen sound

22
Q

where are the 2 middle ear muscles

A

tensor tympani muscle = handle of malleus. strapedius muscle = neck of stapes.

23
Q

what do the palate muscles do

A

open eustachian tube to equalise pressure

24
Q

where does the eustachian tube connect the middle ear to, what is its sensory nerve

A

nasopharynx (CNIX)

25
Q

what can happen with an infection in nasopharynx

A

referred pain to ear.

26
Q

what is the general sensory nerve of tympanic cavity, via what plexus

A

CNiX, tympanic –> lesser petrosal nerve

27
Q

what and where is the mastoid antrum. what is infection of this cause and what is a risk. what nerve is close to it

A

continuous with tympanic cavity and lined with mucous. Mastoiditis –> osteomyelitis. CNVII

28
Q

where is the otic capsule. what and where are the 2 labyrinths. what lymph do they have

A

inner ear, temporal bone. bony labyrinth in cavity of otic capsules, perilymph. membranous labyrinth in bony labyrinth, endolymph .

29
Q

describe how sound is transmitted to brain.

A

1) tympanic membrane. 2) ossicles vibrate. 3) travels through oval window. 4) pressure waves in perilymph. 5) basilar membrane vibrates and hair cells in cochlea (organ of corti) make AP’s. 6) cochlear nerve (CNVIII) transmits to brain. 7) pressure waves dampened at round window

30
Q

what is the organ of sound and where is it detected

A

organ of corti, basilar membrane of cochlea

31
Q

what is the cochlear duct suspended by and what does it divide into 2 parts.

A

spiral ligament. cochlear canal into scala tympani and scala vestibuli.

32
Q

what part of the ear is affected in conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss

A

conductive = outer/ middle. sensorineural = inner ear.

33
Q

where is the vestibular apparatus and what is it for

A

part of otic capsule, next to cochlear. responsible for balance and head movement.

34
Q

in vestibular apparatus what are hair cells moved by and where does it lie (what labyrinth)

A

endolymph, membranous

35
Q

in vestibular apparatus what detects angular movement change and what detects linear.

A

semicircular ducts detect angular movement. utricle (horizontal) and saccule (vertical) detect linear movement.

36
Q

what are the names of the semicircular canals. how do they detect head movement.

A

anterior, posterior and lateral. ampullae have hair cell clusters which detect movement and depolarise

37
Q

describe the course of the vestibulocochlear nerve CNVIII

A

leaves at pons and travels through internal acoustic meatus. where it splits to cochlear nerve (from spiral ganglion) and vestibular nerve.

38
Q

what passes through internal acoustic meatus

A

Facial nerve (CNVII), vestibulocochlear (CNVII). labyrinthine artery and veins (form circle of willis).

39
Q

what does facial nerve supply generally in head and neck.

A

lacrimal gland and some in nasal cavity. taste buds (ant 2/3rd) and salivary glands (sublingual and submandibular), muscles of facial expression

40
Q

what is the facial nerves course.

A

leaves at brainstem and enters internal acoustic meatus. runs close to ear and leaves temporal bone through stylomastoid foramen.

41
Q

what are the temporal branches of the facial nerve

A

nerve to stapedius and greater petrosal nerve

42
Q

what is the chorda tympani

A

branches from facial nerve in facial canal, passes between incus and malleus, attaches to CNV3 and gets taste from ant 2/3 of tongue.

43
Q

what is the taste supply to the ant 2/3 of the tongue

A

facial nerve CNVII

44
Q

what is sensory supply to ant 2/3rd tongue

A

trigeminal CNV3

45
Q

what are the 4 types of taste buds

A

follate, vallate, fingiform (taste buds). filiform (sensory)

46
Q

what supplies post 1/3 of tongue

A

vertical part, glossopharyngeal (CNIX)

My2 ENT (10 decks)

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