Cancer Flashcards
cancer is a ____ system problem
control
2 basic types of control systems
system that promote normal cell growth
safeguard systems that protect against uncontrolled cell growth
mutated version of a gene
oncogene
a particulat gene that when mutated can cause a cell to proliferate inappropriately
proto-oncogene
internal safeguards against malfunction of control system
proteins that help prevent mutations
proteins that can fixed damaged DNA
if genetic damage due to mutation is severe –>
apoptosis
mutation in ____ found commonly in most tumors
p53 (tumor supressor)
estimated that btwn ___ and ___ mutations are required to produce cancers
4-7 mutations
karposi sarcoma is associated with people who have _____
HHV-8 in AIDS patients
cervical cancer caused by
HPV
liver cancer associated with ______ in about 20% of cases
hepatitis B
estimated that viral infections contribute to ____% of all cancers
15-20%
_____ protein deficient mice raised in pathogen FREE conditions are more likely to develop tumors
RAG-2
spontaneous tumors are ____ of cancers and _____ are probably NOT EFFECTIVE at killing them because of TRAFFIC PATTERN ISSUES, conflict btwn self-tolerance and surveillance and unable to supply co-stimulation
majority
CTLs
virus associated tumors are probably _______ due to _____ viruses are the ones associated with cancer & CTL’s are generally ______ against these
limited
hiding
not effective