Cancer (14.3/14.4)

Question 1

cancer results from

Answer 1

uncontrolled mitosis

Question 2

cancers of white blood cells are

Answer 2

leukemias

Question 3

some familial cancers are linked to what genes

Answer 3

BRCA1 and BRCA2

Question 4

keratomas and melanomas are examples of what cancers

Answer 4

skin

Question 5

skin cancers have what phases

Answer 5

radial growth phase and vertical growth phase

Question 6

how are skin and breast cancers stages

Answer 6

considering size
mitotic frequency
extent of tissue layers invaded
whether cancerous cells entered sentinel lymph nodes

Question 7

what are the most dangerous cancers

Answer 7

those that proceeded thru the entire lymph drainage, entering the blood

Question 8

what occurs when the local conditions match the growing preferences of tumor cells

Answer 8

metastases

Question 9

what organs are predisposed to accumulate metastaces

Answer 9

bone
liver
brain 
lung 
(BLBL - pronounced BLAH BLAH)

Question 10

what are the 4 treatments for cancer

Answer 10

surgery
radiation therapy
chemotherapy
targeted therapy

Question 11

which therapy targets replication mechanisms

Answer 11

chemotherapy

Question 12

which therapy targets molcs specific to the cell type involved

Answer 12

targeted therapy

Question 13

what are the three comon cancers that arise from the cell types that predominate in the epidermis (and what are these cells

Answer 13

keratomas (keratinocytes)
basal cell carcinomas (keratinocytes of stratum basale)
melanomas (melanocytes)

Question 14

what must happen for a carcinoma to become malignant

Answer 14

cells involved (keratinocytes of stratum basale) must leave their layer of origin (stratum basale) and migrate into unfamiliar tissue

Question 15

melanomas are in radial growth stage when…

Answer 15

proliferating cells confined to the epidermis

Question 16

melanomas are in vertical growth stage when…

Answer 16

proliferating cells invaded the dermis

Question 17

angiogenosis (during vertical growth stage)

Answer 17

cancer cells recruit a blood supply for themselves

Question 18

metastasis (during vertical growth stage)

Answer 18

cancer cells become capable of spreading to distant sites

Question 19

which ducts branch from the surface epithelium of the nipple to one lobe of the breast

Answer 19

lactiferous ducts

Question 20

which ducts are the primary branch of mmary glands? secondary? tertiary?

Answer 20

primary: lactiferous (cant see on slide)
secondary: interlobular ducts
tertiaryL intralobular ducts

Question 21

which ducts lead to individual lobules within a lobe

Answer 21

INTERlobular ducts

Question 22

which ducts form the ducts WITHIN the lobule

Answer 22

INTRAlobular ducts

Question 23

the terminal branch of mammary gland is

Answer 23

secretory alveoli

Question 24

what does not elaborate until pregnancy in the breast

Answer 24

secretory alveoli

Question 25

which branches and assc ducts dont develop until puberty of female

Answer 25

secondary (interlobular) and tertiary (intralobular)

Question 26

breasts of men and children only contain which branch and duct

Answer 26

primary : lactiferous

Question 27

what CT cell is abundant within the loose CT of lobule

Answer 27

plasma cells

Question 28

what are plasma cells doing in active mammary gland

Answer 28

contributing antibodies by transcytosis

Question 29

nulligravada means

what cells do they have sparsely

Answer 29

never pregnant

secretory alveoli

Question 30

what cells produce antibodies that are transported by the secretory cells into the milk

Answer 30

plasma cells

Question 31

breast cancers commonly originate in which cells?

in minority of brest cancer cases, the cancer originates in what cells?

Answer 31

common: duct cells
minority: secretory cells

Question 32

what is the first lymph node draining the area the tumor is located in

Answer 32

sentinel lymph node