Cancer (14.3/14.4) Flashcards
cancer results from
uncontrolled mitosis
cancers of white blood cells are
leukemias
some familial cancers are linked to what genes
BRCA1 and BRCA2
keratomas and melanomas are examples of what cancers
skin
skin cancers have what phases
radial growth phase and vertical growth phase
how are skin and breast cancers stages
considering size
mitotic frequency
extent of tissue layers invaded
whether cancerous cells entered sentinel lymph nodes
what are the most dangerous cancers
those that proceeded thru the entire lymph drainage, entering the blood
what occurs when the local conditions match the growing preferences of tumor cells
metastases
what organs are predisposed to accumulate metastaces
bone liver brain lung (BLBL - pronounced BLAH BLAH)
what are the 4 treatments for cancer
surgery
radiation therapy
chemotherapy
targeted therapy
which therapy targets replication mechanisms
chemotherapy
which therapy targets molcs specific to the cell type involved
targeted therapy
what are the three comon cancers that arise from the cell types that predominate in the epidermis (and what are these cells
keratomas (keratinocytes)
basal cell carcinomas (keratinocytes of stratum basale)
melanomas (melanocytes)
what must happen for a carcinoma to become malignant
cells involved (keratinocytes of stratum basale) must leave their layer of origin (stratum basale) and migrate into unfamiliar tissue
melanomas are in radial growth stage when…
proliferating cells confined to the epidermis
melanomas are in vertical growth stage when…
proliferating cells invaded the dermis
angiogenosis (during vertical growth stage)
cancer cells recruit a blood supply for themselves
metastasis (during vertical growth stage)
cancer cells become capable of spreading to distant sites
which ducts branch from the surface epithelium of the nipple to one lobe of the breast
lactiferous ducts
which ducts are the primary branch of mmary glands? secondary? tertiary?
primary: lactiferous (cant see on slide)
secondary: interlobular ducts
tertiaryL intralobular ducts
which ducts lead to individual lobules within a lobe
INTERlobular ducts
which ducts form the ducts WITHIN the lobule
INTRAlobular ducts
the terminal branch of mammary gland is
secretory alveoli
what does not elaborate until pregnancy in the breast
secretory alveoli
which branches and assc ducts dont develop until puberty of female
secondary (interlobular) and tertiary (intralobular)
breasts of men and children only contain which branch and duct
primary : lactiferous
what CT cell is abundant within the loose CT of lobule
plasma cells
what are plasma cells doing in active mammary gland
contributing antibodies by transcytosis
nulligravada means
what cells do they have sparsely
never pregnant
secretory alveoli
what cells produce antibodies that are transported by the secretory cells into the milk
plasma cells
breast cancers commonly originate in which cells?
in minority of brest cancer cases, the cancer originates in what cells?
common: duct cells
minority: secretory cells
what is the first lymph node draining the area the tumor is located in
sentinel lymph node
