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social - 20 > Canadian Nationalism > Flashcards

Canadian Nationalism Flashcards

1
Q

What is National Identity

A

National identity involves a sense of belonging to a collective or community.

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2
Q

What are the Pros of National Identity? (4)

A
  • Maintains political order
  • Increases physical security
  • Facilitates economic development
  • Fosters trust and large safety nets
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3
Q

What are the different definitions of Canada? (4)

A
  1. Geographic Understanding
  2. One Canada
  3. Pluralistic and Multicultrual
  4. Nations within a Nation
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4
Q

What is the “geographic” understanding of what is Canada?

A

Canadians are defined by our country’s:
- open spaces,
- rugged geography,
- small, widely dispersed population,

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5
Q

What is the “One Canada” understanding of what is Canada?

A

All Canadians, regardless of ethnic, cultural, linguistic or regional differences, are committed to living together as a civic nation.

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6
Q

What is the “Pluralistic & Multicultural” understanding of what is Canada?

A

Canada is a mosaic of identities and is free to maintain them (cultural or otherwise).

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7
Q

What is the “Nation’s Within a Nation” understanding of what is Canada?

A

Many different national identities coexist within Canada.

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8
Q

Have Canadians been trying to define Canada’s national identity since before Confederation? In what Ways?

A

Yes, though the…

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9
Q

Why did the British government merge Upper Canada (anglophone) and Lower Canada (Francophone) into a single province in (1848)?

A

This was due to the rebellions during 1837-1838 and the Durham Report of 1839

  • As well as to assimilate the French people
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10
Q

What were the important parts to know about the Legislative assembly in 1841? (3)

A
  • Had an equal number of representatives from Canada East and West
  • Was only in English
  • Was meant to assimilate the Francophones
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11
Q

Why did Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine (Canada East) and Robert Baldwin (Canada West) work together to demand responsible government? (2)

A

They believed that the Government should be answerable to the people, rather than the British Governor.

In addition, they wanted to protect the French culture in Canada.

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12
Q

Why did different groups in Canada join in confederation? (4)

A
  1. Because of the manifest destiny of the US to expand its territorial control across the entire continent.
  2. The Fenian Raids which was a radical group of Irish American nationalists that wanted to hold Canada hostage until Britain withdrew from Ireland.
  3. To get away from the restrictive British and American trade policies.
  4. To preserve Francophone Culture from immigration.
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13
Q

What provinces where the first part of the confederation? what did the new government system look like?

A

Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick unite to form the new country of Canada.

The new system had two levels of government with separate powers. The government was representative and responsible.

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14
Q

Why did Canada want to build the CPR after the British North American act? (2)

A

Could help the government to settle the Western provinces and meet the conditions required for British Columbia’s entry into Confederation.

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15
Q

What were some challenges with the CPR? (2)

A

It required the negotiation of treaties with the First Nations of the West, creating reserves in the process to free up land for the railroad.

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16
Q

Did Quebec ever agree with the Constitution Act 1982,

A

NO, it did not feel like it supported it’s interest.

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17
Q

What did Canadians do in order to Prevent the U.S.A From expanding north? (2)

A

Built the CPR. They advertised for Europeans to settle in the west.

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18
Q

What are Contending [conflicting] loyalties?

A

When People have strong loyalties to different groups which conflict.

  • e.x. Francophone Canadians or Chinese-Canadians
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19
Q

What are the four things that make up a Federal system?

A
  1. > Two orders of Government
  2. Division of powers between orders of government
  3. Division of Revenue/resources sources between Orders of government
  4. A written constitution that cannot be amended unilaterally (easily)
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20
Q

What is the centralist view on federalism?

A

Believes in a strong and active federal government.

21
Q

What is a decentralization view on federalism?

A

The federal government should be limited to doing only actions the provincial government cannot do itself.

  • Also includes that the central government should consult provinces before major policies are enacted.
22
Q

The BNA act placed most key decision-making authority and any powers not explicitly mentioned in the act on what government body?

A

The federal government

23
Q

Which came first, the BNA act, or the Constitution Act?

A

The BNA Act

24
Q

What is the term for how Canada remodelled the constitution to distance itself from Britain?

A

Repatriating the constitution

25
Q

What is Quebec’s nationalism rooted in?

A

Affirming and promoting their french Identity and heritage.

26
Q

In the early 1800s were there more Anglophones, or Francophones?

A

Francophones

27
Q

As more immigrants came to Canada, what did francophones fear?

A

they feared that they would lose their status as equal partners in the confederation.

28
Q

Why did the quiet revolution happen? (2)

A

They wanted to protect Quebec’s beliefs and values as well as improve social programs and policies.

Didn’t feel like they were equal to anglophones.

29
Q

What was the FLQ? What are some of the things they were known for?

A

A radical Quebec independence movement that kidnapped (and sometimes killed) important non-francophone political figures in charge of Quebec.

30
Q

What did Pierre Trudeau do in response to the FLQ crisis? What did people think of this action?

A

Enacted the War Measures Act.

They thought it was overkill.

31
Q

What was the result of the two referendums (1980, 1995) to break off Quebec from Canada?

A

The result was NO to break off both times. However, it was by a narrow margin.

32
Q

What is the War Measures Act?

A

An act that gives the government extra powers.

33
Q

What is a referendum?

A

A legally binding vote is given to the people.

34
Q

What is NEP? Why was it implemented? What organization was created?

A

The National Energy Program. Because of the rising rate of oil prices worldwide, Ontario and Quebec laid off people because of the energy prices, which caused Pierre Trudeau to freeze, and tax western Canada’s oil. During this time Petro-Canada was formed by the government.

35
Q

How did NEP damage Alberta?

A

Multinational (mostly US) companies left because of the decrease in revenue. Laying off thousands of Albertans.

36
Q

What is a Allophone?

A

A person’s first language is neither French nor English

37
Q

What did the Indian act do?

A

It gave the federal government complete control over the lives of First Nations people.

38
Q

What was the Meech Lake Accord intend to do? What happened to it?

A

A set of constitutional reforms aimed at making Quebec accept the constitution. It failed because Elijah Harper refused to debate in order to ask the question of why do they get constitutional reform and not us?

39
Q

what does Canada try to do with Federal voting and Senate seats?

A

Try to balance population and representation

40
Q

What are Equalization Payments?

A

looks at the amount of money a province can raise with standardized taxes and then “equalizes” a certain sum of money based on it.

41
Q

Which provinces often contest the policy of equalization payments?

A

Saskatchewan and Alberta

42
Q

What type of policy was Canada the first country to establish?

A

It creates the first multiculturalism government policy.

43
Q

What are the main points of the Official Languages Act (1969) (3)?

A
  1. Affirms the equal status of French & English
  2. Help to preserve & develop languages across Canada
  3. Ensure that Anglophones and Francophones have equal opportunities to participate in government, court & the civil service.
44
Q

Who created the idea of a Just society?

A

Pierre Trudeau

45
Q

What are the most important points of a just society? (5)

A
  • secured personal and political freedom
  • the rights of minorities will be safe
  • people who haven’t had the opportunity will be granted it.
  • Urban problems will be attacked through knowledge and tech
  • giving citizens rights and more freedom to the first nations.
46
Q

What are the Challenges to Canadian unity? (4)

A
  • French Canadian Nationalism
  • Immigration and the changing face of Canada
  • Indigenous rights
  • Regional Alienation
47
Q

Why was it called he quiet revolution?

A

No real fighting happened. The changes were were made peacefully.

48
Q

What is a reasonable accommodation?

A

An adjustment or modification that permits the individual to still perform the necessary job functions.

49
Q

What is an example of reasonable accommodation?

A

Baltej Dihllon and being allowed to wear a turban and have a beard in his RCM uniform.

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