canadas healthcare system Flashcards
what is the BNA act?
british north america act, was later called the constitution
what did the BNA act do?
separated the provincial and federal areas of law, giving more power to the provinces (ex: healthcare)
what were the federal responsibilities under the BNA act?
indigenous health, contagious diseases, pharm and food safety
what is Pharmaceutical and Food Safety called now?
Health Canada
what were the provincial responsibilities under the BNA act?
public health, hospitals, mental health facilities, health education
what was the insanity act? what is it called now?
rights involving mental health facilities, now called the Mental Health Act
what is the Islamic root of asylums?
a retreat from society, valued early intervnetion
how did european asylums differ from islamic asylums?
europeans adopted the idea and put their own religious twist on them, they were built on demonic possession and sin
who cared for those with mental health struggles?
family, those who had no family were institutionalized
what was the first mental health hospital?
in London England, Bethlehem Royal Hospital
who was Philippe Pinel? what did he do?
began more humane treatment of mental health (removing chains), began social and psychological approaches, began moral therapy
why did moral therapy lack success?
because hospitals were overcrowded and pts needs were not being met
who is Dorthea Dix? what did she do?
an advocate for humane treatment for patients, met with the pope, infiltrated change in mental health facilities
what kind of radical mental health therapies emerged?
leeching, spinning, ETC (electroconvulsive shock therapy), hydrotherapy, insulin shock treatment, lobotomies
what was the effect of a lobotomy?
flat expression, not much going on, the frontal lobe was severed… unable to complete basic life needs
what was the effect of ETC? what is it used to treat today?
memory loss, and sleeping for days on end
much smaller amount is used to treat depression today
what changes occurred in the 1950s in mental health hospitals?
the use of psychotropic drugs
what did the use of psychotropic drugs lead to?
deinstitutionalization
what did deinstitutionalization lead to?
a decrease in pts in the hospital, a shift to a more humane way of treating pts that was less expensive and community based
why was deinstitutionalization not as successful as it was thought?
because there was a limited amount of resources, led to social isolation, stigmatization, and exclusion from the workforce, poverty
what did healthcare look like for the upper class?
at home dr visits, avoided hospitals
what did healthcare look like for the lower class?
religious organizations/charities funded, but visited hospitals, family provided care
what did the Order of St John do? what is the name of the organization now?
first aid and disaster relief, now known as St Johns Ambulance
what did the Canadian Red Cross do?
home care, outpost hospitals
what did the Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) do?
needs of women and children
what did the Children’s First Aid Society do?
provide food and shelter for disadvantaged children
what did the Canadian Mental Health Association do?
voluntary mental health organization
what are the 4 sacred medicines?
tobacco, cedar, sage, sweetgrass
who provided care traditionally to indigenous peoples?
shamans, medicine men/women
what was the indigenous philosophy with healing?
connection with mother earth, harmony with spiritual and nature elements
what changed with healthcare treatment after the world wars?
triage, an advancement in plastics (reconstruction), anesthesia, bloodbanks, xrays, oximitry, penicillin
who invented/found penicillin?
Alexander Flemming
what canadian medical discoveries came after the wars?
insulin, tx for breast cancer (mastectomy), stem cells
what is the Social Safety net?
welfare
what is welfare?
assistance granted to aid in the financial stress of the Great Depression
what changed after the Great Depression with welfare (the Social Safety Net)?
citizens were entitled to a standard of living
what is Canadian life prior to Medicare similar to?
the American medical system
privately delivered, drs weren’t getting paid, financial ruin… lots of ppl suffered bc they couldnt pay for it
who is Tommy Douglas?
leader of the 1st socialist party of North America, he saw healthcare as a basic human right, and introduced government insurance, premier of Saskatchewan
what is socialism?
a system where everyone takes care of everyone
what was Tommy Douglas’s goal?
to remove money as a barrier to healthcare
what was the Municipal and Hospital Services Plan?
a political plan to guarantee residents of Saskatchewan care based on insurance premiums
what did the Health Insurance Diagnostics Service Act state?
all residents were entitled to health care services
what prime minister introduced hospital insurance? what was this insurance plan?
John Deifenbaker, helped with 50 cents on the dollar
what is the medicare act?
a plan where each province proposed a plan and ran it by the federal gvmt
5 pillars of health must be met
what were the 5 pillars of healthcare?
universality
portability
comprehensive
public administration
accessibility
what is universality? (5 pillars)
everyone is entitled to healthcare
what is portability? (5 pillars)
health coverage comes with you when leave the province for a period of time
what is comprehensive? (5 pillars)
all services provided if needed for health
what is public administration? (5 pillars)
not run for profit
what is accessibility? (5 pillars)
all insured people are guaranteed reasonable access to insurance
what does medicare cover?
hospital costs and medically necessary interventions
what happened in the 1970s?
healthcare flourished, health spending increased
what was the result of healthcare flourishing and increased healthcare spending?
Federal Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Established Programs Financing Act
what is the Programs Financing Act?
funding relocated to community services, longterm care ambulatory care, and home care
what did the Healthcare Reform do?
included hospital cutbacks, provinces paid more, extra billing, user fees, services were D-listed
why did the Healthcare Reform contradict medicare? (1970s-1980s)
bc Tommy Douglas’s idea was that you cant have money be a barrier to healthcare
what was the Healthcare Reform? (1990s)
liberals reduced funding to provinces, hospitals had trouble functioning and reduced budgets, lead to downsizing and cutbacks, lots of drs and nurses left the country
