Canada Flashcards
Canada and US
Became British in 1764 but still had a substantial french population
US attempted to conquer the north after 1776
Both natives and french preferred the British over US
Another failed invasion in 1815
Demographic shift in Canada
Immigration of 40-60,000 English loyalists from the US
Population majority went from french in 18th c to English in mid-19th
Created tensions
Constitutional Act
1791
Division of Quebec to accomodate new english speakers
Upper Canada (Ontario): english
Lower Canada (Quebec): French
Rebellions of 1837
Occurred in both upper and lower canada, inspired by the US
Both were motivated by a shared goal of responsible government
Britain responded to this w diplomacy rather than violence (Durham report)
Durham Report
1839
Detection of 2 problems:
- Ethnic conflict between French and English
- Representation of the people
Solved by:
- 1840 act of union: created a united province of Canada that also encouraged immigration from Britain
- Giving power to a legislative assembly (beginning of responsible government)
Responsible government
Definition: governments that are responsible to a parliament rather than to the monarch
Responsible Government in Canada
Started in Nova Scotia in 1848
Province of Canada in 1849
Ended w Newfoundland in 1855
Dominion
Autonomous polity under British sovereignty
Dominion of Canada
Constitution act
United canada (1840): impractical
Constitution act of 1867:
- 3 colonies formed into 4 provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
New provinces
5
British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Yukon and Sasketchewan & Alberta: 1871-1905