Australia and New Zealand

Question 1

Motivation for exploration of the Pacific

Answer 1

Continuation: after exploration of Africa
Science/medicine: vitamins that prevent scurvy
Culture: fascination w the exotic
Political: competition w the Dutch

Question 2

Early discoveries

Answer 2

Easter Island (1722), Falklands (65), Tahiti (68), circumnaviagtion of Australia (1803)

Question 3

Vitus Bering

Answer 3

Exploration of strait between Asia and America (1728)

Question 4

George Vancouver

Answer 4

Charting of Northwestern Pacific Coast region (1791-95)

Question 5

3 voyages of James Cook

Answer 5

1. Mapping of NZ (1768-71): laid the basis for British colonial presence in Australia
2. Crossing of Antarctic strait (72-75): near discovery of Antarctica
3. Hawaii and coastline from California to Alaska: killed by Hawaiian locals on return

Question 6

Australia as a penal colony

Answer 6

BNA: 40,000 convicts in 1777
Establishment of penal colony in 88, first convicts arrive the year before
Only 1/14 went home after liberation
Free men outnumbered convicts in 1828
Last convicts arrive in 1868

Question 7

Australian society

Answer 7

Indegenous people: steep population decline, program of ethnic gencocide in tasmania
Economic development: land acquisitions from aboriginals, urbanisation and sheep & gold

Question 8

Territorial expansion

Answer 8

New South Wales in 1788
Would eventually include 6 colonies: Tasmania in 1825, Western Aus in 29, and Queensland in 59

Question 9

Unification (dominion of Aus)

Answer 9

Commonwealth of Aus in 1901
Construction of Canberra in 1908-27

Question 10

New Zealand company

Answer 10

Founded in 1839 w intention of promoting migration to NZ and trade

Question 11

Treaty of Waitangi

Answer 11

1840
Unequal and often ignored by settlers

Question 12

Tahiti

Answer 12

British missionaries in 1797
Annexed by france in 1842

Question 13

New Caledonia

Answer 13

Annexed by france in 1853
Penal colony initially, then settler colony in 20th c

Question 14

Maori wars

Answer 14

1845-47 and 60-72
Population 1841: 80,000 maori and 2000 europeans 42,000
1896: 700,000 europeans