campaigns for Civil Rights

Question 1

What does the NAACP stand for ?

Answer 1

The national association for the Advancement of coloured people

Question 2

What was the NAACPs long term tactic for challenging segregation ?

Answer 2

through the courts

Question 3

What were many of the NAACP’s court cases focused on undermining ?

Answer 3

the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine established by the Supreme Court in 1896 in the plessy V Ferguson case that declared different facilities for black and white people were acceptable if they were equal.

Question 4

What was the purpose of the LDF (legal defense fund) that the NAACP set up on Feb 12th 1940 ?

Answer 4

to raise money to take on cases that would challenge the principles of Plessy V Ferguson

Question 5

What did the the NAACP do with the money they raised from the LDF set up on Feb 12th 1940 with the aim of challenging the principles of Plessy V Ferguson (1896)

Answer 5

They hired the Best Black lawyers

Question 6

Give 3 examples of Black lawyers that the NAACP hired in order to take on legal cases to challenge the principles of Plessy V Ferguson using the money from the LDF.

Answer 6

1) Robert Carter

2) Charles Hamilton Houston

3) Thurgood Marshall

Question 7

Give a list of 5 supreme court cases that the NAACP won that challenged segregation from 1944 to 1950.

Answer 7

1) Smith V Allwright (1944)

2) Morgan V Virginia (1946)

3) Shelley V Kramer (1948)

4) McLaurin V Oklahoma state (1950)

5) Sweatt V Painter (1950)

Question 8

What was the outcome of the 1944 Smith V Allwright case that the NAACP won ?

Answer 8

It was a voting rights case that allowed Americans of all races in Texas to vote in primaries (elections used by parties to choose a candidate).

Question 9

What was the outcome of the 1946 Morgan V Virginia case that the NAACP won ?

Answer 9

ruling that declared segregation on buses illegal

Question 10

What was the outcome of the 1948 Shelley V Kramer case that the NAACP won ?

Answer 10

ruled that estate agents could not refuse to show and sell houses to Black clients.

Question 11

What was the outcome of the 1950 McLaurin V Oklahoma state case that the NAACP won ?

Answer 11

George McLaurin could enter the university of Oklahoma although had to be segregated from other students.

Question 12

What was the outcome of the 1950 Sweatt V Painter case that the NAACP won ?

Answer 12

S.C ruled that the separate law school created for Heman Sweatt, a Black applicant was not ‘separate but equal’ to the White University of Texas Law school he had been denied access to.

Question 13

What landmark court case in education did the Sweatt V Painter court cases in 1950 lay the ground for ?

Answer 13

The Brown V Board case (1954)

Question 14

Give a limitation of the supreme court rulings that the NAACP won from 1944 - 1950.

Answer 14

were not enforced, particularly in the Southern states.

Question 15

What does ‘CORE’ stand for ?

Answer 15

Congress of Racial Equality

Question 16

When was NAACP founded ?

Answer 16

1909

Question 17

When was CORE founded ?

Answer 17

1942

Question 18

What did CORE state its mission was in 1942 ?

Answer 18

“To bring about equality for all people regardless of race, creed, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, religion or ethnic background”.

Question 19

How many original members were there in CORE ?

Answer 19

50

Question 20

OF the 50 original members in CORE, how many of them were men ?

Answer 20

28

Question 21

Of the 50 original members of CORE, how many of them were women ?

Answer 21

22

Question 22

Of the 50 original members of CORE, what proportion of them were Black ?

Answer 22

1/3

Question 23

Of the 50 original members of CORE, What proportion of them were white ?

Answer 23

2/3

Question 24

What kind of campaign tactics did CORE use and who were they inspired by ?

Answer 24

non - violent (inspired by Gandhi in India)

Question 25

What was CORE’s 2 week freedom ride that started on April 9th 1947 called ?

Answer 25

Journey of Reconciliation

Question 26

How many Black men were apart of CORE’s 2 week Journey of reconciliation started on April 9th 1947 ?

Answer 26

8

Question 27

How many white men were apart of CORE’s 2 week Journey of reconciliation started on April 9th 1947 ?

Answer 27

8

Question 28

Why did CORE begin their ‘Journey of Reconciliation’ ?

Answer 28

to challenge the continued segregation on buses as the S.C’s Morgan V Virginia ruling in 1946 was not being upheld

Question 29

Which southern states did the 8 black men and 8 white men who were apart of CORE’s Journey of Reconciliation travel through in order to challenge the continued segregation on buses ?

Answer 29

1) Virginia

2) North Carolina

3) Tennessee

4) Kentucky

Question 30

The members of the group apart of the Journey of Reconciliation were ____________ several times and racial tension grew. As the journey went on, it led to violence from angry _____________ of civil rights.

Answer 30

arrested, opponents

Question 31

As a result of Freedom Rides, CORE received a great deal of ___________ marking the start of a long series of similar campaigns.

Answer 31

publicity

Question 32

How many different seating arrangements did the group who led the Journey of Reconciliation try on various buses ?

Answer 32

26

Question 33

How many different times were the group who led the Journey of Reconciliation arrested in their 2 week Freedom ride ?

Answer 33

6

Question 34

What does the ‘NOI’ stand for ?

Answer 34

Nation of Islam

Question 35

Where and when was the Nation of Islam founded ?

Answer 35

1930 - Detroit

Question 36

Who founded the NOI ?

Answer 36

Wallace Fard Muhammad

Question 37

After 1933 when its founder, Wallace Muhammad Fard, disappeared, who began to lead the NOI ?

Answer 37

Elijah Muhammad

Question 38

What was the overall goal of the NOI ?

Answer 38

“To teach downtrodden and defenceless Black People … and to put them on a road to self independence”

Question 39

When was Elijah Muhammad released from prison after refusing to be drafted to fight in the segregated US army in WWII ?

Answer 39

1946

Question 40

During what time period did Elijah Muhammad begin to build the growth of the NOI up ?

Answer 40

40s and early 50s

Question 41

What did Elijah Muhammad’s program within the NOI call for ?

Answer 41

The creation of a separate black nation made up of the states of Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi

Question 42

What religion did Elijah Muhammad encourage his supporters in the NOI to adopt ?

Answer 42

one based on worshipping Allah, and the belief that Black people were Allah’s chosen people

Question 43

In what way did Elijah Muhammad encourage his supporters in the NOI to change their names ?

Answer 43

He encouraged his followers to drop their ‘slave’ names in Favour of Muslim names, or in most cases an ‘X’ to signify that they had lost their identity to slavery.

Question 44

Give 2 famous figures who changed their names due to Elijah Muhammad’s encouragement to drop their ‘slave’ names in favour of Muslim names or an ‘X’

Answer 44

1) Malcolm X

2) Muhammad Ali

Question 45

What was Malcolm X’s previous name before changing due to being a member of NOI ?

Answer 45

Malcolm little

Question 46

What was Muhammad Ali’ previous name before changing due to being a member of NOI ?

Answer 46

Cassius Clay

Question 47

Why did many Americans criticise the NOI and sought to join other more harmonious civil rights groups

Answer 47

Because of the divisive nature of the beliefs taught