Camina - January 16 - 21

Question 1

Reading Objective: This recent review provides a brief summary of currently accepted memory systems and
corresponding brain regions associated with separate memory functions. After reading this
review, you should:

Answer 1

a) be familiar with the terms outlined in the Glossary (pp.11-13)
b) capable of describing the functional components of the cognitive memory systems illustrated in Figures 1 and 2
c) have a global understanding of the multiple types types of memory systems shown in Figure 3 (page 12) and the brain regions presumed to regulate processing within each system

Question 2

associative memory

Answer 2

the storage and retrieval of information resulting from an association
- classical conditioning (stimuli-behavior) & operant conditioning (behavior-consequence)

Question 3

episodic buffer/conceptual short-term memory

Answer 3

temporary storage system capable of integrating information from different sources

• controlled by central executive
• has episodes of information integrated through space/time

Question 4

explicit/declarative memory

Answer 4

conscious memories of previously stored experiences, facts and concepts
- 2 types: episodic, semantic

Question 5

haptic memory

Answer 5

sensory memory that receives and processes information from the sense of touch

Question 6

iconic memory

Answer 6

visual-sensory memory that receives and processes visual stimuli

Question 7

implicit/non-declarative memory

Answer 7

memory for all unconscious memories, abilities, and skills

- 4 types: procedural, associative, non-associative, priming

Question 8

long-term memory

Answer 8

unlimited, continuing memory that can hold information of long periods of time

• preconscious, unconscious
• able to be called into working memory

Question 9

non-associative memory

Answer 9

newly learned behavior due to repeated exposure to a single stimulus
- sensitization and habituation

Question 10

perceptual memory

Answer 10

memory acquired through the senses

Question 11

priming

Answer 11

effect where having exposure to stimuli previously influences the subsequent response to the same stimuli

Question 12

procedural memory

Answer 12

memory involved in remembering executive and motor skills necessary to perform a task

• executive system guides activity
• unconscious

Question 13

semantic memory

Answer 13

memory of meanings, interpretations and concepts related to facts, information and general knowledge
- gives meanings to words and phrases

Question 14

sensory memory

Answer 14

the capacity for briefly retaining the large amounts of information that people encounter daily

Question 15

Atkinson and Shiffrin’s Modal Model

Answer 15

1. input from the environment
2. sensory registers: haptic (tough), echoic (auditory), iconic (visual)
3. short term store (temporary, working memory, coding, control processes, decision, retrieval strategies, rehearsal) - leads to output response
4. long term store (permanent, memory store) - short term pulls from here

Question 16

Baddeley’s Model

Answer 16

1. central executive: a system of attention control w/ limited processing capacity
2. visuospatial sketchpad: create/maintain visual-spatial representation (right hemisphere)
3. phonological buffer: supports language acquisition by storing new words while they are consolidated in long term mem (left hemisphere)
4. episodic buffer: a temporary storage system capable of integrating information from different sources