CAM Flashcards
complimentary
used together with conventional medicine
alternative
used in place of conventional medicine
integrative health
use of conventional and complementary approached in a coordinated way
natural products
includes herbs, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, dietary supplements
mind and body practices
yoga, chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation, medication, acupuncture, relaxation techniques, tai chi, qi gong, hypnotherapy
CAM
- natural
- little criteria, oversight; not regulated by FDA
- each still with side effects
- limited scientific evidence for safety or efficacy
glucosamine probiotics st. john's wort fish oil soy chondroitin
Elderberry
- Elderberry is the dark purple berry of the European or Black elder, a deciduous tree found in warmer areas of North American, Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. The cooked fruit is made into pies, jams, and flavorings. Elderberry is also used medicinally.
- used as a diuretic, laxative, and diaphoretic, and for stimulating immune function
- Possible safe when used 5 days to 12 weeks
- The elderberry plant contains a cyanide-producing chemical in the leaves and other plant parts and in the unripe green fruit, which can cause symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Ingestion of large quantities may cause serious toxicity. Cooking eliminates the toxin.
- Huge jump in popularity with COVID, and evidence of some fraudulent products (use a reputable source).
Zinc
• Purported uses for a LARGE number of indications,
including common cold, influenza, upper respiratory
tract infections (URTI), bronchiolitis, and now COVID-19
• Likely safe up to 40mg/day orally
• Generally tolerated, some have GI side effects; can
lower immune response at excess doses.
• Investigation in Turkey now with zinc plus hydroxychloroquine.
• Some evidence of limiting common cold and some
other coronaviruses.
Nitric Oxide
- Being studied in Alabama and Massachusetts as a treatment for COVID (inhaled)
- Nitric oxide works as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems of animals, and is mostly produced in the inner layer of blood vessels called the endothelium. The compound relaxes muscle cells, which in turn prompts blood vessel walls to widen, boosting blood flow and decreasing blood pressure.
Peptides
- Immune peptides are gaining some interest in the fight against COVID
- Peptide binds to the viral protein disarming it (preventing replication, lowering viral load)
Performance enhancing drugs
• Anabolic steroids, Androgens, Androgen- Anabolic steroids, Androgenic steroids
– About 1/3 develop dependence
– Those who develop dependence have increased likelihood to have other substance co-dependence and mental health disorders
– ‘pyramiding’, ‘stacking’, ‘on-off cycling’
• Supplements –
– Some bodybuilding dietary supplements contain androgens
– DHEA – converts to testosterone in women, not in men
Risk of Performance enhancing drugs
- Cardiac hypertrophy
- Increased lipids
- Activation of hemostatic system – might increase risk of thrombosis
- Erythropoiesis and possible erythrocytosis
- Neoropsychiatric – mood, aggression
- Infection
- Prostate
- Tendon rupture
- Epiphyseal (growth plate) closure
- Hepatic (with oral 17-alphaalkylated androgens)
- Upon stopping - Symptoms of androgen deficiency are depression, fatigue, decreased libido, sexual dysfunction
Risks of human growth hormone
– Joint pain – Muscle weakness – Fluid retention – Diabetes – Vision problems – Carpal tunnel syndrome – Impaired glucose regulation – Diabetes – Enlarged heart (cardiomegaly) – High blood pressure (hypertension)
erythropoeitin risks
– Stroke
– Myocardial infarction
– Pulmonary embolus
Creatine risks
– Muscle cramps
– Stomach cramps
– Weight gain
– Potential impact renal function
