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Psychopharmacology Final > Caffeine > Flashcards

Caffeine Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of Canadians consume caffeine daily

A

65%

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2
Q

What are the 4 plant derivatives that caffeine comes from

A

Coffea arabica
Thea sinesis
Cola nitidia
Theobroma cacao

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3
Q

When was caffeine (Kaffeebase) first isolated from coffee

A

1820 by Ferdinand Runge.

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4
Q

What year did the government try to force caffeine out of coca-cola

A

1911

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5
Q

What is the absorption rate of caffeine in the gastrointestinal tract

A

30-60 minutes

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6
Q

What can caffeine dissolve in

A

water and oil

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7
Q

because caffeine is so soluble what does that mean

A

equal distribution in the body and brain

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8
Q

What is the half life of caffeine for most people

A

4 to 6 hours

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9
Q

What is the half life of caffeine generally

A

2.5 to 10 hrs

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10
Q

What two active metabolites behave similarly to caffeine

A

theophylline, paraxanthine

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11
Q

What are some benefits of caffeine consumption

A
  • Reduced concentrations of inflammatory markers
  • Reduced stroke risk
  • Improved glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and significantly reduce risk for type 2 diabetes
  • Reduced cancer risks
  • Improved headache relief
  • Decreased risk of some diseases
  • Increased subjective arousal
  • Improved physical endurance, concentration
  • Reduced fatigue
  • Increased secretion of gastric acids and urine output
  • Bronchial relaxation
  • Protective effects against Parkinson’s Disease
  • Decreases the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
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12
Q

• Benefits mental health…
– Women who drink 2-4 cups of coffee a day have 15-20%
lower rates of depression.
• Reduces collisions…
– Long-haul truckers that use caffeine drinks reduce likelihood
of accident by 63%

A

• Benefits mental health…
– Women who drink 2-4 cups of coffee a day have 15-20%
lower rates of depression.
• Reduces collisions…
– Long-haul truckers that use caffeine drinks reduce likelihood
of accident by 63%

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13
Q

What are the adverse effects of heavy caffeine consumption

A

agitation, tremors, rapid

breathing, insomnia

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14
Q

What is the LD50 of caffeine

A

• LD50 – 127 mg/kg (oral, mouse)

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15
Q

Can coffee have a lethal dose in human if so how much

A

Yes, lethal dose humans – estimated at 10 gram (oral), approx.
70-100 cups of coffee.
- Blood level of 80 micrograms is considered potentially lethal.

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16
Q

What is caffeinism and what can if result in

A 
caffeine overdose resulting in
 • Insomnia
• Delirium
• Excitement
• Tinnitus
• Flashes of light
• fever
• Chills
• Flushing
• Arrhythmia
• Loss of appetite
• Similar to anxiety disorder, does not respond to tranquilizers.
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17
Q

What happens to the body when athletes take caffeine supplements

A
  • increases muscle arousal
  • mobilizes fat stores
    – utilized for fuel in endurance sports
18
Q

How does caffeine effect sleep

A

– Impairs duration and quality of sleep

– Repeated awakenings throughout night

19
Q

what effect does caffeine have on receptors

A

it is an adenosine antagonist

20
Q

What is an antagonist

A

acts against or blocks

21
Q

What is adenosine

A

Neuromodulator – substance other than a neurotransmitter that can alter the activities of a neuron
– Promotes sleep (circadian rhythms)
– Suppresses arousal

22
Q

How does caffeine effect the neurotransmitter adenosine

A

Caffeine prevents the activity of the adenosine receptor,
indirectly increasing DA in the striatum and prefrontal cortex causing Alertness and Mild reinforcing properties
.

23
Q

What percentage of pregnant woman consume caffeine

A

75%

24
Q

How is caffeine stated in the DSM -V

A 
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders:
– Caffeine Intoxication
– Caffeine Withdrawal
– Other Caffeine-Induced Disorders
– Unspecified Caffeine-Related Disorder
25
Q

What is caffeine intoxication and what are the symptoms

A 
Consumption in excess of 250 mg of caffeine
– Five or more of the following symptoms:
• Restlessness
• Nervousness
• Excitement
• Insomnia
• Flushed face
• Diuresis
• GI disturbance
• Muscle twitching
• Rambling flow of thought and speech
• Tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia
• Periods of high energy
• Psychomotor agitation
26
Q

How is caffeine intoxication diagnosed

A

symptoms must cause distress or impairment in social,

occupational, and other forms of functioning.

27
Q

What are the treatment options for caffeine overdose

A

symptom management
In serious cases haemodialysis (“artificial kidney”)
may be required to reduce caffeine levels.
• Diuretics may be used to help flush the caffeine out
of the body.

28
Q

What are withdrawal symptoms from caffeine

A
  • Headache
    – Tiredness
    – Lack of concentration
    – Irritability
29
Q

How long is the onset of caffeine withdrawal

A

Onset of symptoms 12-24 hours after cessation, peaks at

20-48 hours

30
Q

What are the possible negative outcomes of high caffeine consumption and pregnancy

A

– Fetal growth restriction

– Birth weight

31
Q

What does teratogenic mean

A

effects on a fetus

32
Q

What is the best source of caffeine

A

coffee beans which are seeds of the plant Coffea arabica

33
Q

What is the caffeine in tea leaves called

A

caffeine and theophylline

34
Q

How many americans drink caffeine daily

A

80-90%

35
Q

What occurs to the plasma of people who drink coffee throughout each day

A

they have rising plasma caffeine concentration

36
Q

What affect does increasing plasma concentration on smoking

A

could contribute to cigarette withdrawal symptoms in heavy coffee dirnkers because caffeine is anxiogenic at high doses

37
Q

What percentage of caffeine metabolites are eliminated through urine

A

95%

38
Q

What are the effects of low and high doses of caffeine on mice

A

low doses increase locomotor activity

high doses reduce activity

39
Q

How do humans react to high doses of caffeine that is different than that of mice

A

humans feel tension and anxiety

40
Q

What effects can chronic caffeine use have

A

tolerance production to cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the drug

41
Q

What cellular actions does caffeine block

A

GABAa, stimulation of calcium release in cells and A1, A2a receptors for adenosine

Psychopharmacology Final (6 decks)

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