CA Upgrade Flashcards
Daily Checks are required and recurring aircraft inspections that must be completed?
GOM
Once per Calendar Day.
It is not required that this inspection be completed before the first flight of the Calendar Day.
Service Check is a required and recurring aircraft inspection that?
GOM
Expires 72 hours after its completion and is more thorough than a Daily Check.
Since a Service check is a more in-depth inspection, it satisfies the Daily Check requirement for that Calendar Day.
A Pre-departure Check is used when?
An aircraft has not flown since its last Service Check.
A Pre-departure Check may be given in lieu of a Daily Check.
This is a lower level check than a Daily Check and is not commonly used.
As needed or Other inspections are required on an as needed basis. What are some examples?
»Overweight landings
»Lightning strikes
»Hail events in flight or on the ground
»Hydraulic leak re-inspections
»Inspections required per an MEL procedure
»Bird strikes
ETOPS Pre-departure Service Check is a required inspection prior to every ETOPS Segment, How many hours is the inspectiong good for?
The inspection and sign-off must occur within four hours of departure.
Block out more than 4 hours after inspection shall require a new inspection to be performed.
Describe a Logbook Preflight:
a) Ensure the correct Logbook for the aircraft is onboard.
b) There must be at least 10 previous log pages to include log pages for at least 3 flight days on board.
c) Confirm that all required inspections have been performed and signed off.
d) Verify and cross check any MEL deferrals with the flight release.
Any discrepancies must be resolved.
e) Ensure that all corrective action blocks have been completely filled out and no open write ups are present..
All aircraft components must be functioning properly or
deferred in accordance with an MEL, CDL, or COI. Describe each?
✈Minimum Equipment List (MEL): documents broken/inoperative aircraft components or equipment (e.g. a blank lower EICAS display) GMM 4.5 A.5
✈Configuration Deviation List (CDL): documents missing components (e.g. the door that covers the GPU receptacle). These often incur fuel burn penalties and may require an updated TLR GMM 4.5 A. 6
✈Carry Over Item (COI): documents aircraft defects that are within limits, but which must eventually be corrected (e.g. Paint missing from the radome, dents in the aircraft skin etc.) GMM 4.6 A.
MEL Categories: A deferred item must be resolved within a specified period of time. This is indicated by the MEL category, what are the time limits for each category?
“A” - As assigned in the MEL (e.g. within 2 flights)
“B” - 3 Calendar Days
“C” - 10 Calendar Days
“D” - 120 Calendar Days
“M” and “O”Procedures
MEL deferrals often require actions to be performed by Maintenance and/or adjustments to Flight Crew operating practices.
Describe the “M” and “O” Procedures?
“M” Procedures: Procedures that must be accomplished by maintenance personnel (or flight crew for a Flight Crew Deferred Item) in order to deactivate and/or inspect the status of a deferred item.
“O” Procedures: A procedure or information advising the Flight Crew of modified procedures associated with a particular MEL.
MEL Stickers: Why, Where and how?
➠Yellow stickers are used to visually indicate the presence of an MEL deferred item.
➠The MEL Control number shall be recorded on the sticker. ➝A control number is a serial number used to identify a particular deferred item on an aircraft in the Maintenance computer system.
➠The sticker will be placed as directed by the MEL manual under “Sticker Location” (e.g. next to the switch that controls the deferred item or adjacent to the Upper EICAS screen)
Describe Flight Crew Deferrable Status?
➢Most MEL procedures require an authorized mechanic to defer the item. These items are not Flight Crew Deferrable.
➢Other items may be deferred by the Flight Crew either at the gate or on the ground after pushback.
➢Whether a particular MEL may be completed by the Flight Crew is indicated in the MEL manual as part of the deferral description.
Until the takeoff thrust is set what manual is controlling for discrepancies?
After takeoff thrust is set, what manual is controlling?
➠On the ground and before setting thrust for takeoff, the MEL manual is controlling. This means any issues at the gate, during pushback, or during taxi out must be resolved in accordance with the MEL Manual.
➠Issues arising after thrust is advanced for takeoff in accordance with the QRH. If the takeoff is continued, the QRH is consulted and it is the Captain’s prerogative to continue to the destination or return to the departure airport.
Maintenance will place Work Requests on the current log book page for items that require in-flight action by the Flight Crew. What are some examples of this?
Common examples include Autoland Evaluations and APU In-flight Starts.
✈A documented Autoland by each aircraft is required every 30 days in order to maintain Cat III currency. Maintenance tracks this requirement and inserts an “open write-up” in the logbook when an Autoland is required. Autolandings are documented in the Autoland portion of each log book page for tracking.
✈A Cold Soaked APU In-flight Start (aircraft at cruise altitude with the APU off for at least 2 hours prior to start attempt) is required for an aircraft to maintain ETOPS status.
What is the Flight Crew deferral process?
If an issue arises after push back but prior to the takeoff, run the associated QRH checklist as applicable:
Consult the MEL manual to see if the item can be deferred.
✈If Yes, consult Maintenance Control to complete the deferral process.
✈If Not, consult Maintenance Control to confirm, then return to the gate for assistance from maintenance personnel.
➢To initiate a Flight Crew Deferral, contact Maintenance Control and document the issue on a Discrepancy block of the current log page.
➢Fill out the Corrective Action block of the discrepancy as directed by Maintenance Control.
➢Add the deferral to the front cover of the MEL section of the logbook.
➢Complete a Yellow MEL Sticker and place it as directed by the MEL manual.
➢Contact the flight follower to amend the flight release with MEL details and any other required changes (e.g. additional fuel required before takeoff per the MEL)
Events Requiring Maintenance Inspection:
ꈌ HardLanding
ꈌ Overweight Landing
ꈌ High Drag/High Side load event
ꈌ Departure from the prepared surface
ꈌ Landing short of prepared surface
ꈌ Two or more tires blown during landing
ꈌ One or more landing gear striking an obstacle
ꈌ Landing with a large crab or high bank angle
ꈌ Severe Turbulence
ꈌ Overspeed
ꈌ Flap/Slat
ꈌ MMO/VMO
ꈌ Landing Gear
ꈌ Tire Speed
ꈌ High Energy Stop
ꈌ Lightning Strike
ꈌ Extreme Dust
ꈌ Tail Strike
Autothrottle use is recommended when?
During takeoff and climb in either automatic or manual flight.
During all other phases of flight, autothrottle use is recommended only when the autopilot is engaged.
Boeing defines Decision Speed as?
➤V1 is defined as the maximum speed during takeoff at which the pilot must take the first action (reduce thrust, deploy speed-brakes, apply brakes) to stop the airplane within the accelerate-stop distance.
➤V1 is not a decision speed, but the maximum speed for initiating a rejected takeoff. A pilot will typically require 1-2 seconds or longer to perceive, interpret, and react to an RTO scenario.
➤Thus, the decision to stop must be made prior to V1.
What are the concerns regarding RTOs Beyond V1 Speed?
➘Continuing takeoff with an engine failure occurring 2 seconds PRIOR to V1 results in a 15-20-foot lower height above the runway threshold during a field length limited takeoff.
➚Rejecting a takeoff 2 seconds AFTER V1 results in a B767-300 departing the end of the runway at 70 knots and overrunning by 650 feet during a field length limited takeoff.
The Go/Stop decision must be made well before V1 because?
Once we hit V1 we go, because there may not be enough runway in front of us to stop anymore.
V1 is the end of the go/no-go decision making process, not the beginning.
It is a common error in the air carrier industry to regard and treat V1 as a “decision speed”.
What is the definition of V1?
√ What that means to us in plain English, is unless the thrust levers are already at idle PRIOR to V1, the takeoff must be continued
Unless the Captain determines the aircraft will not fly.
Accelerating through 80 knots marks the crossover point between a Low Speed RTO and a High Speed RTO. Kinetic energy increases how with weight and speed?
Kinetic energy increases proportionally with weight but exponentially with speed.
The FCOM 1 states that, prior to 80 knots, takeoff should be rejected for any of the following:
What three items should be called out above 80 knots?
➙ Activation of the Master Caution
➙ System Failure(s)
➙ Unusual Noise or Vibration
➙ Tire Failure
➙ Abnormally Slow Acceleration
➙ Takeoff Configuration Warning
➙ Side Window Opens
(As well as the critical situations listed below)
★ Fire or Fire Warning
★ Engine Failure
★ Aircraft Unsafe or Unable to Fly
Remember to call out any unsafe condition on the takeoff run.
Prior to flight, all mechanical issues must be deferred under a valid and applicable?
MEL
The MEL manual is controlling.
“Flight” officially begins when the thrust levers are advanced with the intention of flight. When a mechanical issue arrises after flight has begun what book becomes controlling?
Once flight has begun, the QRH becomes controlling.
Above 80 knots, the following events shall trigger a rejected takeoff?
★ Fire or Fire Warning
★ Engine Failure
★ Aircraft Unsafe or Unable to Fly
Maximum holding speeds are published to ensure a maneuvering aircraft will stay within the protected area set aside for the holding pattern. What are those speeds? (FAA)
FAA:
↪Through 6,000 ft MSL: 200 kts
↪6,001 through 14,000 ft MSL: 230 kts
↪14,001 MSL and above: 265 kts
Maximum holding speeds are published to ensure a maneuvering aircraft will stay within the protected area set aside for the holding pattern. What are those speeds? (ICAO)
ICAO:
↩Through 14,000 ft MSL: 230 kts
↩Above 14,000 to 20,000ft MSL: 240 kts
↩Above 20,000 to 34,000 ft MSL: 265 kts
↩Above 34,000 ft MSL: 0.83M
Where can you find the “BEST SPEED” to hold at?
The “BEST SPEED” found on the HOLD page of the CDU will always show the Clean Maneuvering Speed for the current weight, regardless of altitude.
Boeing Recommended Holding Speeds are what?
⟳ FL250 and below: VREF 30 + 80 kts
⟳ Above FL250: VREF 30 + 100 kts
Does turning in a race track style holding pattern increase fuel consumption?
Yes
Requesting longer legs while in a holding pattern can reduce fuel consumption.
The greatest fuel demand in a holding situation involves departing the holding fix, flying an approach to the destination airport, then diverting to the alternate airport.
To determine “Bingo” Fuel, add the following:
⟳ Fuel required to fly from the holding point to the arrival airport.
1. Reference fuel on board and subtract arrival fuel found on PROG page 1 of the CDU.
2. Add fuel as needed to this number for expected weather deviations and possible traffic flow restrictions.
⟳ Fuel required to fly from arrival airport to the filed alternate.
1. This number is listed on the release as Alternate Fuel.
2. Add fuel as needed to this number for expected weather deviations and possible traffic flow restrictions.
What fuel will provide for approximately 1 hour of flight on the 767 and the 757?
✈10,000 lbs of fuel for a 767:
✈8,000 lbs of fuel for a 757:
Will provide for approximately 1 hour of flight respectively.
This is a desirable situation that provides options for the crew.
ATI is authorized to conduct flights under 14 CFR Part 91 for:
Crewmember training, maintenance tests, ferrying, re-positioning, and the carriage of company officials using the applicable authorizations in these operations specifications, without obtaining a Letter of Authorization, provided the flights are not conducted for compensation or hire and no charge of any kind is made for the conduct of the flights.
Do copies of the OpSpecs need to be on board to exercise the privileges of those OpsSpecs?
Yes
A005 Exemption 5549 allows for high mins Captions to fly what kind of approaches to minimums?
CAT 1 and CAT 2 approaches to published mins with certain restrictions. See GOM.
Does A014 OpsSpec allow ATI to operate in Class G airspace under IFR?
Yes
Must operate under Part 121 and IFR.
A025 allows for Electronic Signatures, Electronic Record Keeping and Electronic Manual Systems, does ATI utilize this OpSpec?
Yes
When using A048 Verification of Personnel for Access to the Flight Deck the certificate holder must?
Verify the identify, eligibility and required documents of the person requesting flight deck access. (CASS)
ATI is authorized under B031 Areas of En Route Operation to conduct what classes of navigation?
➳Class 1 Navigation
➳Class 2 Navigation if Class 1 navigation cannot be maintained.
B034 authorizes ATI to conducted Class 1 navigation on a single RNAV system as long as ?
Redundant receivers for airway navigation are operational and the capability exists to return or complete the flight using airways if the remaining RNAV unit fails, radar required.
Can ATI depart outside the 48 contiguous states (limited by B050) to a less-distant airport and subsequently re-release to a more-distant airport?
Yes
This is known as Planned Redispatch or Rerelease En Route.
B046 Operations in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace lists the equipment required, what is that equipment?
RVSM requires:
√ Two air data computers
√ One altitude reporting transponder
√ One altitude alerting system and
√ One autopilot.
√ Any failure of required equipment shall be reported to ATC immediately.
Each Aircraft which operates under RVSM must be listed in D092.
C050 Special Pilot-in-Command Qualification Airports require what of the PIC?
The PIC must be qualified in a simulator within the last 12 months OR by pictorial means OR if the destination is VFR (3 SM and ceiling 1000 above the lowest MEA or MOCA).
Under C052 is TDZ RVR Controlling for all approaches?
► TDZ RVR is controlling for all approaches/landings (may substitute Mid if TDZ is unavailable).
► Otherwise Mid and Rollout RVR are advisory.
► Visibility readings below 1⁄2 sm are not authorized.
► May not conduct any RNP Special Aircraft and Crew Authorization Required approaches.
When Available
C052 authorizes RVR down to what value for a CAT I approach?
Cat 1 landing minima approved as low as 1800 RVR to runways without (or with inoperative) TDZ and/or CL lights.
This requires the use of the flight director or autopilot (in approach mode) to the DA.
If the PIC has not consolidated (100 hours) one limitation is?
PIC’s shall not conduct an approach in less than 4000 RVR or 3⁄4 sm visibility. Precision instrument runway markings or centerline lights must be operational.
Are GPS approaches permitted for filing alternates under ETOPS rules?
Yes, under certain conditions of C055.
Weather minimums and RAIM.
Standard takeoff minimums are 1 SM visibility or RVR 5000 for airplanes having 2 engines. Is ATI authorized for lower takeoff minimums?
Yes, when takeoff minimums are not published, the standard takeoff minimums apply or lower than standard minimums are authorized by the certificate holder’s OpSpecs in C078.
For Cat 2 auto-land with a 100 ft DH, the lowest authorized RVR values are?
RVR 1000/600/300 TDZ/MID/RO
All available RVR reports are controlling, TDZ is required, Mid is not required, and Rollout is required for 1200 RVR and below.
For Cat 3 auto-land with a 100 ft AH, the lowest authorized RVR values are?
300/300/300 TDZ/MID/RO
All available RVR reports are required and controlling, except for FO or FP rollout systems the Mid or Rollout may be temporarily inoperative.
For Cat 3 auto-land and the aircraft is downgraded to Cat 3 FP then required RVR is
600/400/300 TDZ/MID and if available/RO.
During Category II and Category III Instrument Approach and Landing Operations, we must not begin the final approach segment unless all?
Required RVR conditions have been met.
Once established on the final approach segment, the approach may continue if a lower report is received.
Requires working:
➠Glideslope
➠Localizer
➠Outer marker/DME/published-waypoint to define the FAF
➠TDZ lights, CL lights, and HIRL edge lights
➠Approach lights are required, except the sequenced flashing lights may be inoperative
For Cat 2 operations, a missed approach must be conducted whenever?
➛ Any required airborne system malfunctions after passing the FAF
➛ Any required element of the ground systems is lost prior the DH
➛ Anytime the pilot arrives at the DH or later when visual references are not present to verify that the airplane will land in the TDZ.
For Cat 3 operations a missed approach will be executed and flown whenever the pilot determines?
☠ The aircraft will not safely land within the TDZ
☠ Any required lighting element becomes inop prior to the AH or DH
☠ Glideslope or localizer fails prior to touchdown
☠ Crosswind at touchdown exceeds 15 knots
☠ A FO failure prior to the AH or a FP failure prior to touchdown
☠ When arriving at the DH (when FP) the pilot does not have the TDZ in sight or if visual references are lost after passing the DH and the pilot cannot determine the aircraft will land in the TDZ
ATI is approved for RNAV 1 and/or RNP 1 instrument Departure Procedures, RNAV 1 and/or RNP 1 Standard Terminal Arrival Routes. What equipment is required?
Acceptable navigation specifications are RNP 1/TA/RNAV 1 (PIP)
What are the autopilot minimum use heights required in OPS Spec C071?
Autopilot Minimum Use Heights are 200 feet for takeoff/initial climb, 1000 feet enroute, and 50 feet below MDA/DA/DH or 50 feet AGL on approach. Does not apply to approved autoland operations.
Can ATI conduct Circling Approaches?
Circling approved in VMC only. Requires at least 1000 feet and 3 SM or charted circling minimums, whichever is higher. MDA shall be 1000 feet or charted, whichever is higher. Must remain clear of clouds. If visual reference is lost a missed approach shall be flown.
Does C077 allow ATI to cancel IFR Flight Plans in flight?
Yes, assuming all the provisions of the OPS Spec are met AND flight remains within controlled airspace and in contact with ATC OR for uncontrolled airports the flight remains within 10 nm of the airport, the crew remains in contact with advisory frequency, and all required visual references, obstacles, and traffic can be maintained for the entire approach and landing.
What Opes Spec covers Lower Than Standard Takeoff Minima?
C078 IFR Lower Than Standard Takeoff Minima
What are the lowest RVR values and equipment for ATI during lower than standard takeoff minimums?
500/500/500 (TDZ/MID/RO) takeoffs are allowed provided RVR equipment, HIRL AND CL lights are operational.
What flight crew certificates are required?
➵ Airman certificates ➵ Medical ➵ Passport ➵ Visa ➵ Vaccinations Card ➵ Radio operators permit ➵ Company Crew Badge
What is the required personal equipment?
✘ Flashlight
✘ Flight computer
✘ Reflective vest
When a CA is on high mins, what values must be added to approach minimums?
Add 100’ and 1⁄2 SM to mins (not required for takeoff alternate or destination alternate).
Published Cat I & II mins allowed by Exemption 5549 (see GOM 3.405).
What restrictions are there for a First Officer with less than 100 hours in type?
The CA makes landings when: ◬ Special Airport ◬ Visibility at or below 3⁄4 sm or RVR 4,000’ ◬ Runway has water, snow, slush, etc that may affect performance adversely ◬ Braking action less than “Good” ◬ Crosswind component above 15kts ◬ Wind-shear reported in vicinity ◬ PIC discretion