CA Flashcards
metabolic encephalopathy causes pupils to be ______ but still reactive to light
small
a hemorrhage may cause pupils to be _____ with minimal reaction to light
pinpoint
pupils that are midposition and fixed to light suggest?
structural damage in the brain
in severe anoxia (eg cardiac arrest), pupils will be ________
fixed and dilated
if pupils are bilaterally large and reactive, it is probably due to?
drugs
one large pupil is most commonly seen in?
diabetics with CN III infarction
this sign is + if you flex the neck and the hip and knees flex also
brudzinski’s sign
this sign is + if you flex the hip and knee, then straighten the knee, and it induces pain and resistance
kernig’s sign
brudzinski’s sign and kernig’s sign test for ______
meningitis
when you ask a patient to make a “stop” with their hands/wrists, you are testing _______
asterixis
when testing asterixis, if patient cannot hold the “stop” with their hands, it indicates _______
metabolic encephalopathy
Your patient enters the room and says he has been having issues with his right ear:
you do the webber test on him and he hears the noise (lateralization) in the AFFECTED right ear, what type of hearing loss is this?
now what if this same man with right ear issues hears the sound in the left ear (lateralization to normal ear)?
conductive hearing loss
second part of question: sensorineural hearing loss
you give rinne and AC > BC. this indicates?
sensorineural hearing loss
the biceps reflex is associated with what nerve?
C5 (and C6)
the brachioradialis reflex is associated with what nerve
(C5 and) C6
the triceps reflex is associated with what nerve
C7
what nerve innervates your pinky
C8
what nerve is associated with the patellar reflex
(L2, L3,) L4
what nerve is associated with the plantar reflex
S1
what does scapular winging indicate?
muscular dystrophy
damage to long thoracic nerve
during the SLR, a positive test is when you raise one leg, and pain is felt in the (same/opposite) leg
same
+ test if you stand with feet together, close your eyes for 30-60 seconds, and sway your body
romberg sign
+ test if you stand with eyes closed, with hands palms up in front of you, and cannot maintain posture with resistance to your arms
pronator drift
if DTRs are hyperactive (4+), you should test for _______
clonus
how do you test for clonus
take foot, dorsiflex/plantar flex a few times, then rapidly dorsiflex
what is a positive clonus test
rhythmic oscillations between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
what does a positive clonus test indicate
CNS disease
what nerves are associated with the babinski response
L5, S1
in a positive babinski test, the great toe (dorsiflexes/plantar flexes)
dorsiflexes
a positive babinski test indicates ________
lesion in corticospinal tract
intoxication
post-ictal state
the anal wink reflex (lol) is associated with nerves ____
S2, S3, S4
bell’s palsy is different from a stroke how?
in bell’s palsy, the person cannot close the affected eye and cannot wrinkle the forehead of the affected side; in a stroke, they can
