CA

Question 1

metabolic encephalopathy causes pupils to be ______ but still reactive to light

Answer 1

small

Question 2

a hemorrhage may cause pupils to be _____ with minimal reaction to light

Answer 2

pinpoint

Question 3

pupils that are midposition and fixed to light suggest?

Answer 3

structural damage in the brain

Question 4

in severe anoxia (eg cardiac arrest), pupils will be ________

Answer 4

fixed and dilated

Question 5

if pupils are bilaterally large and reactive, it is probably due to?

Answer 5

drugs

Question 6

one large pupil is most commonly seen in?

Answer 6

diabetics with CN III infarction

Question 7

this sign is + if you flex the neck and the hip and knees flex also

Answer 7

brudzinski’s sign

Question 8

this sign is + if you flex the hip and knee, then straighten the knee, and it induces pain and resistance

Answer 8

kernig’s sign

Question 9

brudzinski’s sign and kernig’s sign test for ______

Answer 9

meningitis

Question 10

when you ask a patient to make a “stop” with their hands/wrists, you are testing _______

Answer 10

asterixis

Question 11

when testing asterixis, if patient cannot hold the “stop” with their hands, it indicates _______

Answer 11

metabolic encephalopathy

Question 12

Your patient enters the room and says he has been having issues with his right ear:
you do the webber test on him and he hears the noise (lateralization) in the AFFECTED right ear, what type of hearing loss is this?

now what if this same man with right ear issues hears the sound in the left ear (lateralization to normal ear)?

Answer 12

conductive hearing loss

second part of question: sensorineural hearing loss

Question 13

you give rinne and AC > BC. this indicates?

Answer 13

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 14

the biceps reflex is associated with what nerve?

Answer 14

C5 (and C6)

Question 15

the brachioradialis reflex is associated with what nerve

Answer 15

(C5 and) C6

Question 16

the triceps reflex is associated with what nerve

Answer 16

C7

Question 17

what nerve innervates your pinky

Answer 17

C8

Question 18

what nerve is associated with the patellar reflex

Answer 18

(L2, L3,) L4

Question 19

what nerve is associated with the plantar reflex

Answer 19

S1

Question 20

what does scapular winging indicate?

Answer 20

muscular dystrophy

damage to long thoracic nerve

Question 21

during the SLR, a positive test is when you raise one leg, and pain is felt in the (same/opposite) leg

Answer 21

same

Question 22

+ test if you stand with feet together, close your eyes for 30-60 seconds, and sway your body

Answer 22

romberg sign

Question 23

+ test if you stand with eyes closed, with hands palms up in front of you, and cannot maintain posture with resistance to your arms

Answer 23

pronator drift

Question 24

if DTRs are hyperactive (4+), you should test for _______

Answer 24

clonus

Question 25

how do you test for clonus

Answer 25

take foot, dorsiflex/plantar flex a few times, then rapidly dorsiflex

Question 26

what is a positive clonus test

Answer 26

rhythmic oscillations between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Question 27

what does a positive clonus test indicate

Answer 27

CNS disease

Question 28

what nerves are associated with the babinski response

Answer 28

L5, S1

Question 29

in a positive babinski test, the great toe (dorsiflexes/plantar flexes)

Answer 29

dorsiflexes

Question 30

a positive babinski test indicates ________

Answer 30

lesion in corticospinal tract
intoxication
post-ictal state

Question 31

the anal wink reflex (lol) is associated with nerves ____

Answer 31

S2, S3, S4

Question 32

bell’s palsy is different from a stroke how?

Answer 32

in bell’s palsy, the person cannot close the affected eye and cannot wrinkle the forehead of the affected side; in a stroke, they can