C9 - Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

How are elements ordered in the periodic table? [1]

A

By increasing atomic number (number of protons)

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2
Q

What are vertical columns in the periodic table called? [1]

A

Groups

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3
Q

What are horizontal rows in the periodic table called? [1]

A

Periods

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4
Q

What is the trend in metallic character across a period? [1]

A

A gradual change from metal to no-metal

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5
Q

What happens to the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element across a period? [1]

A

It increases

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6
Q

What happens to the structure of an element across a period? [1]

A

Giant metallic (e.g. Li) - giant covalent (e.g. C) - simple molecular (e.g. Ne)

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7
Q

Why do elements in the same group react in a similar way? [1]

A

They have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.

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8
Q

What is the same for elements in the same period? [1]

A

They have the same number of shells of electrons

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9
Q

What are the properties of group 1 elements (the alkali metals)? [2]

A

They are good conductors of heat and electricity, they are soft metals

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10
Q

What are the trends in group 1 as you go down the group? [3]

A

Reactivity increases, density increases, melting point decreases

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11
Q

Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of lithium with oxygen [1]

A

4Li (s) + O₂ (g) → 2Li₂O (s)

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12
Q

Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of sodium with water [1]

A

2Na (s) + 2H₂O (l) → 2NaOH (aq) + H₂ (g)

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13
Q

Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of rubidium with chlorine [1]

A

2Rb (s) + Cl₂ (g) → 2RbCl (s)

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14
Q

Describe the appearance of the halogens chlorine, bromine and iodine [3]

A

Chlorine is a pale yellow-green gas, bromine is a red-brown liquid, Iodine is a grey-black solid

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15
Q

The halogens are diatomic, describe what this means [1]

A

There are two atoms in the molecule (e.g Cl₂)

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16
Q

What are the trends in group 7 as you go down the group? [3]

A

Reactivity decreases, melting point increases, they become darker

17
Q

Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of chlorine and hydrogen [1]

A

H₂ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → 2HCl (g)

18
Q

Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of chlorine with iron (III)

A

2Fe (s) + 3Cl₂ (g) → 2FeCl₃ (s)

19
Q

Describe what happens in a displacement reaction

A

A more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound

20
Q

Write the balanced symbol equation for the displacement reaction between potassium iodide and chlorine [1]

A

2KI (aq) + Cl₂ → 2KCl (aq) + I₂ (aq)

21
Q

Describe the properties of transition metals [5]

A

High density, high melting point, good conductors, form coloured compounds, can act as catalysts

22
Q

Describe the noble gases (group 8/0) [1]

A

Unreactive monoatomic gases

23
Q

Explain why the noble gases are unreactive? [1]

A

They have a full outer shell of electrons

24
Q

Describe the uses of halogens [2]

A

Argon in lamps, helium in balloons