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10B Chemistry > C8 - Acids, bases and salts > Flashcards

C8 - Acids, bases and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe acid, alkali and neutral on the pH scale [3]

A

Acid pH 1-6 / Alkali pH 8-14 / Neutral pH 7

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2
Q

Describe the effect of acid and alkali on blue litmus [2]

A

Acid turns blue litmus red / Alkali results in no change to blue litmus

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3
Q

Describe the effect of acid and alkali on red litmus [2]

A

Acid results in no change to red litmus / Alkali turns red litmus blue

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4
Q

Define an acid [1]

A

A proton donor

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5
Q

Define a base [1]

A

A proton acceptor

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6
Q

What is an alkali? [1]

A

A soluble base

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7
Q

What is a strong acid? [1] Give an example [1]

A

An acid that completely dissolves in solution - an example is hydrochloric acid

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8
Q

What is a weak acid? [1] Give an example [1]

A

An acid that partially dissolves in solution - an example is ethanoic acid

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9
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid [1]

A

Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

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10
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid [1]

A

MgO (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l)

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11
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid [1]

A

Mg(OH)₂ (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl₂ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)

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12
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid [1]

A

MgCO₃ (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l) + CO₂ (g)

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13
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride [1]

A

Ca(OH)₂ (s) + 2NH₄Cl (aq) → CaCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l) + 2NH₃ (g)

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14
Q

Define neutralisation with an ionic equation [2]

A

A reaction between an acid and a base to produce water / H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O

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15
Q

Describe the difference between non-metal oxides and metal oxides with examples [2]

A

Non-metal oxides (e.g. CO₂) are acidic and dissolve in water to produce H⁺ ions / Metal oxides (e.g. CuO) are basic and if they are solube will produce OH⁻ ions

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16
Q

What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples [3]

A

Oxides that react with both acids and alkalis to produce salts (e.g. ZnO and Al₂O₃)

17
Q

Test and positive result for carbonate anion CO₃²⁻ [2]

A

Add dilute acid / effervesence CO₂ produced

18
Q

Test and positive result for chloride anion Cl⁻ [2]

A

Acidify with dilute nitric acid and add aqueous silver nitrate / white precipitate

19
Q

Test and positive result for bromide anion Br⁻ [2]

A

Acidify with dilute nitric acid and add aqueous silver nitrate / cream precipitate

20
Q

Test and positive result for nitrate anion NO₃⁻ [2]

A

Add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then aluminium foil and warm / ammonia produced

21
Q

Test and positive result for sulphate anion SO₄²⁻ [2]

A

Acidify, then add aqueous barium nitrate / white precipitate

22
Q

Ammonium cation NH₄⁺ - effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide / effect of aqueous ammonia [2]

A

Ammonia produced on warming / no effect

23
Q

Calcium cation Ca²⁺ - effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide / effect of aqueous ammonia [2]

A

White precipitate which is insoluble in excess / no precipitate or very slight white precipitate

24
Q

Copper(II) cation Cu²⁺ - effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide / effect of aqueous ammonia [2]

A

Light blue precipitate which is insoluble in excess / light blue precipitate which is soluble in excess giving a dark blue solution

25
Q

Test and positive result for iron(II) cation Fe²⁺ - effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide [2] / effect of aqueous ammonia [2]

A

Green precipitate which is insoluble in excess / green precipitate which is insoluble in excess

26
Q

Iron(III) cation Fe³⁺ - effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide / effect of aqueous ammonia [2]

A

red-brown precipitate which is insoluble in excess / red-brown precipitate which is insoluble in excess

27
Q

Zinc cation Zn²⁺ - effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide / effect of aqueous ammonia [2]

A

White precipitate which is soluble in excess giving a colourless solution / white precipitate which is soluble in excess giving a colourless solution.

28
Q

Test and positive result for NH₃ gas [1]

A

Turns damp red litmus paper blue

29
Q

Test and positive result for CO₂ gas [1]

A

Turns limewater milky

30
Q

Test and positive result for Cl₂ gas [1]

A

Bleaches damp litmus paper

31
Q

Test and positive result for H₂ gas [1]

A

‘pops’ with a lighted splint

32
Q

Test and positive result for O₂ gas [1]

A

Relights a glowing splint

33
Q

Flame test colour for lithium metal ion [1]

A

Red

34
Q

Flame test colour for sodium metal ion [1]

A

Yellow

35
Q

Flame test colour for potassium metal ion [1]

A

Lilac

36
Q

Flame test colour for copper metal ion [1]

A

Blue-green

10B Chemistry (15 decks)

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