C9 Crude Oil & Fuels Flashcards
What is crude oil primarily composed of?
Hydrocarbons
True or False: Crude oil is a renewable resource.
False
What process is used to separate crude oil into different fractions?
Fractional distillation
Fill in the blank: The main use of crude oil is to produce _____ and fuels.
petrochemicals
What is the boiling point range of crude oil fractions generally?
From approximately 20°C to over 350°C
Which fraction of crude oil has the lowest boiling point?
Gasoline
True or False: Diesel is a heavier fraction than kerosene.
True
What is the primary environmental concern associated with oil spills?
Pollution of marine ecosystems
What type of hydrocarbons are found in crude oil?
Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons
What is the significance of the octane rating in gasoline?
It measures the fuel’s ability to resist knocking during combustion.
Fill in the blank: Crude oil is formed from the remains of _____ organisms.
marine
What is a common use of the naphtha fraction obtained from crude oil?
As a feedstock for producing chemicals and plastics.
True or False: Crude oil can be found in solid, liquid, and gas forms.
False
What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds, while unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds.
What type of reaction occurs when hydrocarbons combust?
Exothermic reaction
Which hydrocarbon is primarily used in jet fuel?
Kerosene
Fill in the blank: _____ is a process used to convert heavy fractions of crude oil into lighter products.
Cracking
What are the two main products of crude oil refining?
Fuels and petrochemicals
True or False: The heavier the fraction, the higher its boiling point.
True
What is the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels like crude oil?
It contributes to air pollution and climate change.
What is the process of removing sulfur from fossil fuels called?
Desulfurization
What is the role of catalysts in the cracking process?
They speed up the reaction without being consumed.
Fill in the blank: _____ are organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons
What is the general formula for alkanes?
C_nH_(2n+2)
What is the main purpose of adding additives to fuels?
To improve performance and reduce emissions.
True or False: Oil reserves are evenly distributed around the world.
False
