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GCSE Chemistry > C9 Crude Oil & Fuels > Flashcards

C9 Crude Oil & Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

What is crude oil primarily composed of?

A

Hydrocarbons

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2
Q

True or False: Crude oil is a renewable resource.

A

False

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3
Q

What process is used to separate crude oil into different fractions?

A

Fractional distillation

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The main use of crude oil is to produce _____ and fuels.

A

petrochemicals

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5
Q

What is the boiling point range of crude oil fractions generally?

A

From approximately 20°C to over 350°C

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6
Q

Which fraction of crude oil has the lowest boiling point?

A

Gasoline

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7
Q

True or False: Diesel is a heavier fraction than kerosene.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the primary environmental concern associated with oil spills?

A

Pollution of marine ecosystems

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9
Q

What type of hydrocarbons are found in crude oil?

A

Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons

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10
Q

What is the significance of the octane rating in gasoline?

A

It measures the fuel’s ability to resist knocking during combustion.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Crude oil is formed from the remains of _____ organisms.

A

marine

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12
Q

What is a common use of the naphtha fraction obtained from crude oil?

A

As a feedstock for producing chemicals and plastics.

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13
Q

True or False: Crude oil can be found in solid, liquid, and gas forms.

A

False

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14
Q

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds, while unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds.

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15
Q

What type of reaction occurs when hydrocarbons combust?

A

Exothermic reaction

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16
Q

Which hydrocarbon is primarily used in jet fuel?

A

Kerosene

17
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ is a process used to convert heavy fractions of crude oil into lighter products.

A

Cracking

18
Q

What are the two main products of crude oil refining?

A

Fuels and petrochemicals

19
Q

True or False: The heavier the fraction, the higher its boiling point.

A

True

20
Q

What is the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels like crude oil?

A

It contributes to air pollution and climate change.

21
Q

What is the process of removing sulfur from fossil fuels called?

A

Desulfurization

22
Q

What is the role of catalysts in the cracking process?

A

They speed up the reaction without being consumed.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ are organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen.

A

Hydrocarbons

24
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

C_nH_(2n+2)

25
Q

What is the main purpose of adding additives to fuels?

A

To improve performance and reduce emissions.

26
Q

True or False: Oil reserves are evenly distributed around the world.

A

False

GCSE Chemistry (15 decks)

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