Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHEMISTRY > C9 Crude Oil And Fuels > Flashcards

C9 Crude Oil And Fuels Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of a hydrocarbon?

A

A molecule comprised of only hydrogen and carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the general formula of an alkane?

A

C(n) H(2n+2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of molecules are alkanes?

A

Saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes alkanes saturated?

A

They contain only C-C single bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State the first four alkanes and their structures

A

Methane (CH4)
Ethane (C2H6)
Propane (C3H8)
Butane (C4H10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the viscosity of a liquid?

A

The “thickness of a liquid”

High viscosity liquids flow slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe how the size of a hydrocarbon affects its viscosity

A

As the size of the hydrocarbon chain increases, so does the viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe how the length of a hydrocarbon chain affects its flammability

A

The shorter the hydrocarbon chain, the greater its flammability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe how the length of a hydrocarbon chain affects its boiling point

A

The shorter the hydrocarbon chain, the lower its boiling point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the products of complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does incomplete combustion occur?

A

Due to a limited oxygen supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is combustion?

A

Burning in oxygen (to release energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the process of fractional distillation of crude oil

A

Firstly the crude oil is heated to a high temperature to boil it. The crude oil vapour is fed into the fractional distillation column, which is hotter at the bottom, and cooler at the top. The vapour rises up the column, and hydrocarbons condense when they reach their boiling point, and the liquid fractions are then removed. The remaining hydrocarbons continue moving up the column and condense when they reach their boiling points. Very short chain hydrocarbons have low boiling points and don’t condense, and are removed from the top of the column as gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Fractions?

A

Hydrocarbon chains with a similar number of carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What Hydrocarbons fractions are used to fuel cars?

A

Petrol and Diesel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What Hydrocarbon fraction is used to fuel jets?

A

Kerosene

18
Q

What Hydrocarbon fraction is used to power ships?

A

Heavy fuel oil

19
Q

What Hydrocarbon fraction is used in camping stoves?

A

Liquified petroleum gas

20
Q

What is a feedstock?

A

A chemical used to make other chemicals

21
Q

What are some uses of hydrocarbons as feedstock?

A
  • Lubricants
  • Solvents
  • Detergents
  • Polymers
22
Q

Where is crude oil found?

A

In rocks

23
Q

Name the 2 key features of alkanes

A
  • They have single bonds between carbon atoms

- They have the formula C(n) H(2n+2)

24
Q

What type of bond is between carbon atoms in an alkane?

A

A single covalent bond

25
Q

Why don’t long chain hydrocarbons make good fuels?

A

As they aren’t very flammable in comparison to short chain hydrocarbons

26
Q

What is the purpose of Cracking?

A

To make long chain hydrocarbons into shorter and more useful ones, that have a higher demand

27
Q

What are the 2 methods of cracking?

A

Catalytic and Steam

28
Q

Describe the conditions for catalytic cracking

A

High temperature and a catalyst

Hydrocarbon in a vapour

29
Q

Describe the conditions for steam cracking

A

High temperature and steam

Hydrocarbon in a vapour

30
Q

What type of bond is between carbon atoms in an alkene?

A

A double bond

31
Q

What is the general formula for the structure of alkenes?

A

C(n) H(2n)

32
Q

Why are alkenes useful?

A

They’re used to make polymers and as starting materials to make other chemicals

33
Q

Compare the reactivity of alkanes with alkanes

A

Alkenes are more reactive

34
Q

What is the solution used to test for alkenes?

A

Bromine water

35
Q

Describe the test for Alkenes

A

Shake the alkene inside bromine water, which will turn from orange to colourless

colourless not clear

36
Q

Which molecule releases more energy per mole when burnt, alkenes or alkanes?

A

Alkanes

37
Q

What type of reaction is involved in cracking?

A

A thermal decomposition reaction

38
Q

What type of hydrocarbon is an alkane?

A

A saturated hydrocarbon

39
Q

What type of hydrocarbon is an alkene?

A

An unsaturated hydrocarbon

40
Q

What kind of carbon - carbon bond is there in an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

A double bond

CHEMISTRY (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions