C10 Organic Reactions Flashcards
Name the first 4 alkenes and give their formulae
Ethene (C2H4)
Propene (C3H6)
Butene (C4H8)
Pentene (C5H10)
What is a functional group?
The part of a molecule that determines how it reacts
What is the alkene functional group?
C=C
What is a homologous series?
A group of hydrocarbons that share the same functional group
Why do alkenes combust in a smoky flame?
Due to incomplete combustion, producing unburnt carbon particles
What is the name for a reaction between an alkene and hydrogen?
Hydrogenation
What is the product of a reaction between an alkene and hydrogen?
An alkane
Give the word equation for hydrogenation of ethene
Ethene + Hydrogen — Ethane
What conditions are required for hydrogenation?
- 150°C
- Nickel catalyst to speed up the reaction
What is the name for a reaction for a reaction between an alkene and water?
Hydration
What is the product produced when water reacts with an alkene?
An alcohol
Give the word equation for the reaction between ethene and water
Ethene + Water —– Ethanol
What conditions are required for hydration?
- Water must be in the form of steam
- Temperature must be around 300°C
- Pressure must be around 70 atmospheres
- Phosphoric acid used as a catalyst
What is the name of the catalyst used in hydration?
Phosphoric acid
What is the name of the catalyst used in hydrogenation?
Nickel
What is done to increase the yield of an alcohol in a hydration reaction?
The unreacted alkene and steam are passed back through the catalyst
What is the product produced when ethene reacts with chlorine?
Dichloroethane
How can hydrogen be produced from an alcohol?
By reacting an alcohol with sodium
What are the properties of alcohols?
- Soluble and produce neutral solutions in water
- Solubility decreases as number of carbon atoms
increases
-
How can an ester be formed?
By reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst
How can a carboxylic acid be formed?
By reacting an alcohol with an oxidising agent
Give an example of an oxidising agent
Acidified potassium dichromate
What are the products of the reaction between an alcohol and an oxidising agent?
Carboxylic acid + water
What type of acids are carboxylic acids?
Weak acids
What happens when a carboxylic acid (e.g ethanol) is dissolved in water?
It partially ionises to produce the ethanoate ion and H+ ions
Give the products of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and a metal carbonate
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
What are the products of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?
An ester + water
What is produced in the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid?
Ethyl ethanoate
What type of molecules form addition polymers?
Alkenes
What is required for a condensation polymerisation reaction?
Two molecules with 2 different functional groups
