C10 Organic Reactions

Question 1

Name the first 4 alkenes and give their formulae

Answer 1

Ethene (C2H4)
Propene (C3H6)
Butene (C4H8)
Pentene (C5H10)

Question 2

What is a functional group?

Answer 2

The part of a molecule that determines how it reacts

Question 3

What is the alkene functional group?

Answer 3

C=C

Question 4

What is a homologous series?

Answer 4

A group of hydrocarbons that share the same functional group

Question 5

Why do alkenes combust in a smoky flame?

Answer 5

Due to incomplete combustion, producing unburnt carbon particles

Question 6

What is the name for a reaction between an alkene and hydrogen?

Answer 6

Hydrogenation

Question 7

What is the product of a reaction between an alkene and hydrogen?

Answer 7

An alkane

Question 8

Give the word equation for hydrogenation of ethene

Answer 8

Ethene + Hydrogen — Ethane

Question 9

What conditions are required for hydrogenation?

Answer 9

• 150°C

- Nickel catalyst to speed up the reaction

Question 10

What is the name for a reaction for a reaction between an alkene and water?

Answer 10

Hydration

Question 11

What is the product produced when water reacts with an alkene?

Answer 11

An alcohol

Question 12

Give the word equation for the reaction between ethene and water

Answer 12

Ethene + Water —– Ethanol

Question 13

What conditions are required for hydration?

Answer 13

• Water must be in the form of steam
• Temperature must be around 300°C
• Pressure must be around 70 atmospheres
• Phosphoric acid used as a catalyst

Question 14

What is the name of the catalyst used in hydration?

Answer 14

Phosphoric acid

Question 15

What is the name of the catalyst used in hydrogenation?

Answer 15

Nickel

Question 16

What is done to increase the yield of an alcohol in a hydration reaction?

Answer 16

The unreacted alkene and steam are passed back through the catalyst

Question 17

What is the product produced when ethene reacts with chlorine?

Answer 17

Dichloroethane

Question 18

How can hydrogen be produced from an alcohol?

Answer 18

By reacting an alcohol with sodium

Question 19

What are the properties of alcohols?

Answer 19

• Soluble and produce neutral solutions in water
• Solubility decreases as number of carbon atoms
  increases
  -

Question 20

How can an ester be formed?

Answer 20

By reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst

Question 21

How can a carboxylic acid be formed?

Answer 21

By reacting an alcohol with an oxidising agent

Question 22

Give an example of an oxidising agent

Answer 22

Acidified potassium dichromate

Question 23

What are the products of the reaction between an alcohol and an oxidising agent?

Answer 23

Carboxylic acid + water

Question 24

What type of acids are carboxylic acids?

Answer 24

Weak acids

Question 25

What happens when a carboxylic acid (e.g ethanol) is dissolved in water?

Answer 25

It partially ionises to produce the ethanoate ion and H+ ions

Question 26

Give the products of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and a metal carbonate

Answer 26

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 27

What are the products of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

Answer 27

An ester + water

Question 28

What is produced in the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid?

Answer 28

Ethyl ethanoate

Question 29

What type of molecules form addition polymers?

Answer 29

Alkenes

Question 30

What is required for a condensation polymerisation reaction?

Answer 30

Two molecules with 2 different functional groups