C9: Crude Oil

Question 1

How was crude oil formed?

Answer 1

The remains of ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud

Question 2

What is crude oil?

Answer 2

A mixture of a very large number of compounds, where most are hydrocarbons

Question 3

Which hydrocarbon makes up crude oil more?

Answer 3

Alkanes

Question 4

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 4

CnH2n+2

Question 5

What can the fractions from fractional distillation of crude oil be processed to produce?

Answer 5

Fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry

Question 6

What is usually produced from crude oil that is part of the petrochemical industry?

Answer 6

Petrol, diesel, kerosene and petroleum gas

Question 7

What materials are produced by the petrochemical industry?

Answer 7

Solvents, lubricants, polymers and detergents

Question 8

What properties of hydrocarbons depends on the size of molecules?

Answer 8

Boiling point, viscosity and flammability

Question 9

What happens during the combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 9

The carbon and hydrogen are oxidised

Question 10

What does complete combustion produce?

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 11

What are the products of cracking?

Answer 11

Alkanes and alkenes

Question 12

Which hydrocarbon is more reactive and more useful?

Answer 12

Alkenes

Question 13

What is homologous series?

Answer 13

Molecules or compounds with similar properties that react in a similar way and the same general formular

Question 14

What are the 4 different properties of alkanes that are investigated?

Answer 14

Boiling point, volatility, viscosity and flammability

Question 15

What is the relationship between chain length of alkanes and boiling point

Answer 15

The longer the chain, the higher the boiling point

Question 16

What is the relationship between chain length of alkanes and volatility?

Answer 16

The shorter the chain, the more volatile

Question 17

What is the relationship between chain length of alkanes and viscosity?

Answer 17

The longer the chain, the more viscous

Question 18

What is the relationship between chain length of alkanes and flammability?

Answer 18

The shorter the chain, the more flammable

Question 19

What alkanes are best for fuels?

Answer 19

Short chain

Question 20

How was crude oil formed?

Answer 20

Remains of dead plankton that died millions of years ago and buried in mud. Over millions of years the organic remains were compressed under lots of heat and pressure which chemically changed them to crude oil

Question 21

What is the process of fractional distillation?

Answer 21

Heat crude oil to become gaseous. The hot gases then rise up the column, then cool down as the top is cooler than the bottom. The longer chains with higher boiling points condense first when the become cooler than their boiling point. Shorter ones do this after.

Question 22

What type of reaction is cracking?

Answer 22

Thermal decomposition

Question 23

What catalyst is used in cracking?

Answer 23

Powdered aluminium oxide