C10: Organic Reactions Flashcards
What are alkenes?
Hydrocarbons with a double C=C bond
Why are alkenes unsaturated?
They contain at least 1 double bond with C=C double bond
What is the functional group for alcohols?
-OH
What is the general formula for alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
What are the properties of alcohols that are small molecules?
Flammable, soluble and can be oxidised
What are the uses of alcohols?
Fuels, and solvents as they can dissolve things water can’t, for example, hydrocarbons and lipid compounds (fats and oils)
Where can esters be found and why?
In perfumes because they are volatile and have fruity and sweet scents
How are esters formed?
Reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol
How does the carboxylic acid and alcohol react to form an ester?
The carboxylic acid loses the OH and the alcohol loses the H to form water as a by product
Why are alkanes saturated compounds?
Because they have 4 single covalent bonds; no double
What is produced when an alkene reacts with hydrogen?
An alkane
What is produced when an alkene reacts with water?
An alcohol
What conditions are needed for alkenes to react with water?
High temperatures and catalyst
Why is it easy to separate ethanol from ethene?
It has a relatively low boiling point, so can be cooled
What is produced when an alkene reacts with bromine?
Dibromoethane
What is produced when an alcohol reacts with oxygen?
Carboxylic acid
What are 3 uses of ethanol?
Chemical feedstock, a biofuel and used in alcoholic drinks
What are advantages and disadvantages of ethanol?
Ethene is cheap and reaction is efficient. However, ethene is from crude oil which is non-renewable
What is the reaction for fermentation?
Glucose - ethanol and carbon dioxide
What are advantages and disadvantages of fermentation?
Glucose is renewable and yeast is easy to grow, however the process can be slow. Ethanol produced isn’t pure; fractional distillation is required
What type of acids are carboxylic acids?
Weak
Does the COO link have a double bond?
Yes
