C15: Using Our Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What is corrosion?

A

The destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment.

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2
Q

What is necessary for iron to rust?

A

Both air and water

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3
Q

How can corrosion be prevented?

A

Applying a coating that acts as a barrier, like greasing, paint or electroplating

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4
Q

What is bronze an alloy of? What is brass an alloy of?

A

Copper and tin. Copper and zinc

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5
Q

What are steels?

A

Alloys of iron that contain specific amounts of carbon and other metals

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6
Q

What are the properties of high carbon steel and low carbon steel?

A

High: strong but brittle. Low: softer and more easily shaped

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7
Q

What is the density of aluminium alloys?

A

Low

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8
Q

How is soda lime glass made?

A

Heating a mixture of sand, sodium carbonate and limestone

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9
Q

How is borosilicate glass made?

A

From sand and boron trioxide?

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10
Q

What type of glass melts at a higher temperature

A

Borosilicate glass

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11
Q

How are clay ceramics made?

A

Shaping wet clay and heating it

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12
Q

What is the difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers?

A

Thermosoftening ones melt when heated but thermosetting ones don’t when heated

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13
Q

What are the conditions of the Haber Process?

A

450 degrees, 200 atm and an iron catalyst

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14
Q

What can ammonia be used to manufacture?

A

Ammonium salts and nitric acid

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15
Q

What 3 things are obtained by mining?

A

Phosphate rock, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate

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16
Q

What does the rusting of ion produce?

A

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

17
Q

What are sacrificial methods?

A

Adding a more reactive metal on iron so that it doesn’t rust

18
Q

What does brittle mean?

A

The object will snap easily

19
Q

What are 2 main groups of ceramics?

A

Glass and clay ceramics

20
Q

What are properties of glass?

A

Strong, good thermal insulators and transparent

21
Q

What is a composite?

A

A material consisting of 2 or more materials with different properties that have been combined to produce a material with a more desirable property

22
Q

What are the 2 components most composites are made from?

A

The reinforcement (long fibres or fragments) and the matrix (binds reinforcement and gets hard)

23
Q

What 2 things does the property of a polymer depend on?

A

The monomer used and the conditions of the chemical reaction

24
Q

What are properties of polymers?

A

Flexible, good insulators of heat and electricity and easily shaped

25
What conditions are needed for LDPE?
Moderate temperatures, high pressure and catalyst
26
What are uses of LDPE?
Carrier bags
27
What are uses for HDPE?
Drainpipes
28
How are the polymer chains in thermosoftening polymers held together?
By weak intermolecular forces
29
What types of reaction is the Haber Process?
Exothermic and reversible
30
How is the ammonia and the hydrogen/nitrogen separated?
Ammonia is condensed as it has a low boiling point, and the nitrogen and hydrogen are recycled
31
What is needed to favour the forward reaction in the Haber process?
Low temperature, high pressure due to moles
32
Why is ammonia important?
It is used in fertilisers
33
Where does the hydrogen for the Haber process come from?
Hydrocarbons
34
How does ammonia produce nitric acid?
It reacts with oxygen and water in a series of reactions
35
What is produced when phosphate rock reacts with nitric acid?
Phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate
36
What is produced when phosphate rock reacts with sulfuric acid?
Calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate
37
What is produced when phosphate rock reacts with phosphoric acid?
Calcium phosphate