C9 Crude oil Flashcards
what is crude oil
finite resource found in rocks
mixture of many different carbon atoms
colour of crude oil
dark, smelly liquid
what are most of the compound in crude oil
hydrocarbons
what are hydrocarbons
contain only hydrogen and carbona atoms
when can crude oil be used
after it is separated into different substances with similar boiling points
name of the process of separtion of crude oil
fractions
how are substances of crude oil sepatated
by distillation because properties of substaces don’t change when mixed
what are most of hydrocarbons in crude oil
alkanes
what are alkanes
satured hydrocarbons, which contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in their molecules
generical formula for alkanes, hydrocarbons
Cn H(2n+2)
eg. C2 H6
C3 H8
characteristic of hydrocarbon
very flammable
what is fractional distillation
separating crude oil into hydrocarbons with similar boiling points (fractions)
how do properties of each fraction change
depend on size of the hydrocarbon molecules in it
process of fractional distillation
crude oil is heated and fed in bottom of fractioning column as hot vapour.
temperature of column decreases as going up so gases move up and condense when reachtemperature of boiing points
what happen when you burn hydrocarbons
produce carbon dioxide and water
what is incomplete combustion
when there is not enough oxygen
effect of incomplete combution
produces carbon monoxide
characteristic carbon monoxide
toxic gas, odourless,colorless which is picked up by red cells and carried it in blood instead of O
what is the process called cracking
larger hydrocarbon molecules can be broken down in smaller ones
what happen in the cracker
a heavy friction distilled from crude oil is heated to vaporise the hydrocarbons
vapour is then pass to a ctalyst or mixed with steam and heated
cracking decomposition is an example of
thermal decomposition
other types of molecules present in reaction of cracking
alkene
characteristcs of alkene
unsatured, burn in air, react with bromine water turning it colourless
more reactive than alkanes
what do unsatured compuonds contain
at least one double bond between their carbon atoms
what is the reactivity series
list of metals in order of their reactivity
how are metals ordered in reactivity series
by looking at reactions with water, alkali give off hydrogen and leave alkaline solutions
first 3 metals in reactivity series
potassium
sodium
lithium
when do u look at reaction with dilute acid (metal + dilute acid)
when reactions with water are very slow
what does a metal ore contain
enough of the metal to make it economic to extract it
how can silver and gold be found
as metals, nature state because they are unreactive
how does the reactivity series help in metal extraction
tells you best way to extract a metal
when can carbon (non-metal) be used to extract a metal
when mwtals are less reactive than carbon
what do you do with carbon to seperate metal from its oxide
heat metal oxide with carbon =metal + carbon dioxide
name of the removal of oxygen froma compound
chemical reduction
what do you use to extract aluminium
electrolysis, carbon isn’t reactive enough
where do u get aluminium
ore of bauxite
why does aluminium have to be melted in electrolysis
ions move to electrocles
process of aluminium exraction
aluminium oxide mixed with molten cryolite to lower its melting point, reducing energy required
