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Chemistry > C9 Crude oil > Flashcards

C9 Crude oil Flashcards

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1
Q

what is crude oil

A

finite resource found in rocks

mixture of many different carbon atoms

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2
Q

colour of crude oil

A

dark, smelly liquid

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3
Q

what are most of the compound in crude oil

A

hydrocarbons

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4
Q

what are hydrocarbons

A

contain only hydrogen and carbona atoms

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5
Q

when can crude oil be used

A

after it is separated into different substances with similar boiling points

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6
Q

name of the process of separtion of crude oil

A

fractions

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7
Q

how are substances of crude oil sepatated

A

by distillation because properties of substaces don’t change when mixed

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8
Q

what are most of hydrocarbons in crude oil

A

alkanes

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9
Q

what are alkanes

A

satured hydrocarbons, which contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in their molecules

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10
Q

generical formula for alkanes, hydrocarbons

A

Cn H(2n+2)
eg. C2 H6
C3 H8

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11
Q

characteristic of hydrocarbon

A

very flammable

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12
Q

what is fractional distillation

A

separating crude oil into hydrocarbons with similar boiling points (fractions)

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13
Q

how do properties of each fraction change

A

depend on size of the hydrocarbon molecules in it

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14
Q

process of fractional distillation

A

crude oil is heated and fed in bottom of fractioning column as hot vapour.
temperature of column decreases as going up so gases move up and condense when reachtemperature of boiing points

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15
Q

what happen when you burn hydrocarbons

A

produce carbon dioxide and water

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16
Q

what is incomplete combustion

A

when there is not enough oxygen

17
Q

effect of incomplete combution

A

produces carbon monoxide

18
Q

characteristic carbon monoxide

A

toxic gas, odourless,colorless which is picked up by red cells and carried it in blood instead of O

19
Q

what is the process called cracking

A

larger hydrocarbon molecules can be broken down in smaller ones

20
Q

what happen in the cracker

A

a heavy friction distilled from crude oil is heated to vaporise the hydrocarbons
vapour is then pass to a ctalyst or mixed with steam and heated

21
Q

cracking decomposition is an example of

A

thermal decomposition

22
Q

other types of molecules present in reaction of cracking

A

alkene

23
Q

characteristcs of alkene

A

unsatured, burn in air, react with bromine water turning it colourless
more reactive than alkanes

24
Q

what do unsatured compuonds contain

A

at least one double bond between their carbon atoms

25
Q

what is the reactivity series

A

list of metals in order of their reactivity

26
Q

how are metals ordered in reactivity series

A

by looking at reactions with water, alkali give off hydrogen and leave alkaline solutions

27
Q

first 3 metals in reactivity series

A

potassium
sodium
lithium

28
Q

when do u look at reaction with dilute acid (metal + dilute acid)

A

when reactions with water are very slow

29
Q

what does a metal ore contain

A

enough of the metal to make it economic to extract it

30
Q

how can silver and gold be found

A

as metals, nature state because they are unreactive

31
Q

how does the reactivity series help in metal extraction

A

tells you best way to extract a metal

32
Q

when can carbon (non-metal) be used to extract a metal

A

when mwtals are less reactive than carbon

33
Q

what do you do with carbon to seperate metal from its oxide

A

heat metal oxide with carbon =metal + carbon dioxide

34
Q

name of the removal of oxygen froma compound

A

chemical reduction

35
Q

what do you use to extract aluminium

A

electrolysis, carbon isn’t reactive enough

36
Q

where do u get aluminium

A

ore of bauxite

37
Q

why does aluminium have to be melted in electrolysis

A

ions move to electrocles

38
Q

process of aluminium exraction

A

aluminium oxide mixed with molten cryolite to lower its melting point, reducing energy required

Chemistry (14 decks)

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