C2 Periodic table

Question 1

how and what did Newlands discover

Answer 1

building on Dalton’s idea he arranged elements in order of mass and noticed that properties of every 8 elements seemed similar (law of octaves)

Question 2

what didn’t Newlands consider

Answer 2

unfound elements

Question 3

how did mendelev arrange the elemets

Answer 3

1869 by atomic weights, left gaps for ellemts that had not been discovered

Question 4

example of elements that did,’t fit in mendelev’s table

Answer 4

argon(greater relative mass) and potassium

this was later solved when noble gases where discovered

Question 5

what does gropu number tell you

Answer 5

number of electrons in the outmost shell, so every group has similar properties

Question 6

characterestics of metals

Answer 6

metallic bonding

conduct electricity, higher boiling and melting points, ductile and malleable

Question 7

characteristics of non metals

Answer 7

electronic insulators, if solids are brittle

Question 8

where can you found non-metals

Answer 8

top right hand corner

Question 9

what groups do atoms of elements gain electrons to form negative ions

Answer 9

5,6,7

Question 10

where can you found metals

Answer 10

left hand side and centre

Question 11

which groups lose electrons to form positive ions

Answer 11

metals of group 1,2,3

Question 12

n. of electrons in outmost shell of noble gases

Answer 12

8 so very stable

Question 13

why are noble gases very unreactive

Answer 13

very stable electon arrangement

Question 14

when can large noble gases make compounds

Answer 14

with the mosr reactive non metals

Question 15

what’s the first group name

Answer 15

alkali metals

Question 16

examples of alkali metals

Answer 16

lithium, sodium potassium

Question 17

properties of alkali metals

Answer 17

• very reactive, must be stored in oil so don’t react with O
• reactivity increases as you go down the group
• very low densities, FLOAT ON WATER
• very soft
• silvery shiny surface when you cut them until don’t react with O

Question 18

electronic structure of alkali metals

Answer 18

1 electron in outmost shell

Question 19

with who and how do alkali metals react

Answer 19

with non metals losing the single electron in the outer shell, so form positive ion with +1 charge(always form ionic compounds)

Question 20

how do melt and boil points get lower for alkali metals

Answer 20

as you go down the group

Question 21

how do alkali metals react with

1. water
2. oxygen

Answer 21

metal flouts moving around and fizzing-caused by reaction with water to form hydrogen gas
2. also produces metal hydroxides which are soluble , solution colorless with high pH

Question 22

colour of reaction between alkali metals and non-metals

Answer 22

solutions formed colourless, dossolve in water

Question 23

what are halogens + examples

Answer 23

gropu of toxic non metals that have coloured vapours
fluorine
chlorine
nromine
iodine

Question 24

what are the melting points and boiling for halogens

Answer 24

low, increase going down

Question 25

are they good conductors (halogens)

Answer 25

poor conductors of electricity and heat

Question 26

structure and its name of halogens

Answer 26

they exist as molecules made up of pairs of atoms, diatomic molecules, atoms joined by a covalent bonnd

Question 27

n of electrons in outmost shell of halogens

Answer 27

7

Question 28

what happen in terms of electrons movements when halogens react with non-metals

Answer 28

gain extra electron by sharing a pair of electrons with another atom, covalent bonds , form molecular compounds

Question 29

halogens also react with metals to…..

Answer 29

gain a single electron, ionic bonding

Question 30

what are transition elements

Answer 30

all metals in the large central block

Question 31

physical properties of transition elements

Answer 31

hard and strong
good conductors of electricity and thermal energy
high densities
high melting point(except mercury)
all of these characteristics are greater than alkali metals’

Question 32

are transition elements reactive

Answer 32

less reactive than metals in gruop 1

Question 33

how do transition elements react (+with O or water)

Answer 33

don’t react so vigorously

they usually form positive ion

Question 34

where are transition elements used

Answer 34

structural materials because of chemical and physical properties

Question 35

what do transition elements form

Answer 35

coloured compounds

Question 36

name of a compound of a transition element includes…

Answer 36

roman number because they can form more than 1 ion

Question 37

examples of transition elements

Answer 37

iron, nickel, copper, titanium

Question 38

examples of compund from transition el.

Answer 38

copper(II) sulfate = blue

nickel(II) carbonate= pale green

Question 39

how are transition elements and their compund used in chemical industry

Answer 39

catalyst

eg. iron in harber process