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Chemistry > c 13-14 Atmosphere+ finite resources > Flashcards

c 13-14 Atmosphere+ finite resources Flashcards

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1
Q

what was the early atmosphere made of

A

mostly carbon dioxide

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2
Q

how was nitrogen built up in atmosphere

A

volcanic activity

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3
Q

how was co2 removed

A

dissolved in oceans, forming sediments on the seabed

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4
Q

evolution of green plants and algae

A

evolved absorbed some CO2 so that they could carry out photosynhtesis

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5
Q

what was transferred to shells and skeltons

A

carbon

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6
Q

how were sedimentary carbon rocks formed

A

skeletons and shells built up the seabed, were covered by sediments
this process created fossil fuel

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7
Q

actual percentage of gases in atmo

A

80% nitrogen
20% oxygen

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8
Q

algae produced….. by photosynthesis

A

oxygen

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9
Q

what did the increase percentage of oxygen in atmosphere allow

A

more complex life could evolve

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10
Q

greenhouse gases examples

A

carbon dioxide
methane
water vapour

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11
Q

what do greenhouses gases do

A

absorb long wavelength radiation that gets reflected back off the Earth from Sun.
so they re-radiate the Earth with tis thermal radiation, resulting in warmer temperatures

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12
Q

what forms of human activity affect amount of greenhouse gases in atmo

A

deforestation
burning fossil fuels
agriculture
creating waste

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13
Q

what is causing climate change

A

carbon dioxide from human acticity

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14
Q

effects of climate change

A

rising sea levels
increasingly common extreme weather events
changes in temperature
impacts on food-producing
changes to distribution of wildlife species

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15
Q

solution to t=stop climate change

A

reducing carbon footprint
reduce use of fossil fuels
reducing carbon capture and storage

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16
Q

what is carbon footprint

A

measure of amount of carbon dioxide and other gases emitted over the full-life cycle of something

17
Q

how to reduce carbon footprints

A

renewable energy sources or nuclear energy
cut waste, using more efficient processes
tax companies on amount of co2 they release

18
Q

what do all fossil fuel contain bad for environment because it causes acid rain

A

sulfur, reacts with O when burnt forming sulfur dioxide (bad)

19
Q

how to solve sulfur’s problem

A

sulfur impurities can be removed from fossil fuels before they’re burnt

20
Q

how is fuel bad

A

burnt in engine

21
Q

what happen if there is incomplete combustion in engine

A

CO formed, is dangerous can stop your blood from doing its proper job of carrying oxygen around the body
hard to detect, colorless no smell

22
Q

what do high temperatures in engines allow

A

unreactive nitrogen in the air reacts with O making nitrogen oxides (toxic, can trigger asthma , acid rain)

23
Q

what happen to hydrocarbons in fossil fuels in combustion

A

carbon and oxides are oxidised and CO2 and water vapour are released into atmposphere

24
Q

finite resources are being used up at a faster rate than

A

they can be replaced, will eventually run out

25
Q

what is renewable

A

can be replaced as we use them

26
Q

sustainability

A

developments that meet needs of society now, without ruining the ability of future generations to meet their needs

27
Q

what are natural resources

A

form without human input

28
Q

why does rainwater need to be treated

A

contain low levels of dissolved subastances

29
Q

how is water made fit to drink

A

passing through filter beds to remove solids and by passing ultra-violet light trough it to reduce microbes

30
Q

how can water be made pure

A

distillation is expensive and requires large amounts of energy

31
Q

what is desalisation

A

converting salty water into potable and usable

32
Q

what is reverse osmosis

A

uses membranes to separate dissolved salts from salty water, energy needed to pressurise the water passing through

33
Q

what needs to be done with sewage

A

treated at a sewages treatment plants to make it safe

34
Q

sewage treatment (process)

A
  1. screening =removing large solids and grit from waste water through a metal grid
  2. primary treatment= in first tank large paddles rotate pushing solids (sludge, sediment) towards the centre where is then piped to a storage tank. water liquid flows into next tank
  3. secondary treatment= second tank effluent is treated by biological aerobic digestion, air is pumped through the water so that aerobic bacteria breaks down any organic matter
    uses less energy than desalination

Chemistry (14 decks)

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