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GCSE Chemisty > C8 Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

C8 Chemical Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

Pure substance

A

A single element of compound not mixed with any other substance

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2
Q

Mixture

A

Consists of 2 or more elements of compounds not chemically combined together. The chemical properties of each substance in the mixture is unchanged

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3
Q

Separation processes

A 
Filtration
Crystallisation 
Distillation
Fractional distillation 
Chromatography
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4
Q

Pure and impure substances

A

Boiling and melting point used to see if it is pre or not
Impure substances will have a lower melting point and melt over a broad range of temperatures
Pure substances it will melt more sharply at a specific temperature
Impure boiling point is higher than pure substance

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5
Q

Formulation

A

Is a mixture that has been designed as a useful product

Eg. Paints, alloys, fertilisers and food like ketchup

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6
Q

Purpose of component chemicals

A

To improve the quality of a product
Making an alloy
Adding different amounts of nutrients to make the fertiliser the most effective
Many products are complex mixtures in which each chemical has a particular purpose

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7
Q

What’s in a tablet?

A

The active ingredient may be very small but it may be difficult to take into the body. Added to a filler that bulks up the product to sensible size and a lubricant is added so tablets can be taken easily

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8
Q

Chromatography

A

Water separated dyes as it rises up the chromatography paper

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9
Q

Stationary phases

A

When the solvent didn’t move

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10
Q

Mobile phase

A

When water and dyes moved

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11
Q

Rf values

A

Distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent

This is the ratio moved by a compound (from the origin to the centre of the spot) to the distance moved by the solvent

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12
Q

Assessing purity of drugs

A

Impure substances will separate

Pure substance will stay the same

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13
Q

RP: investigate how paper chromatography can be used in forensic science to identify an ink mixture used in forgery

A

Draw pencil line on litmus paper, put spots of different solvent on the line. Once solvent dry place paper in water below the pencil line and wait for them to separate
Once separate let paper dry then work out the Rf value

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14
Q

Hydrogen test

A

Squeaky pop

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15
Q

Oxygen test

A

Relighting a glowing splint

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16
Q

Carbon dioxide test

A

Limewater turns from colourless to milky white when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it

17
Q

Chlorine test

A

Damp litmus paper is bleached

18
Q

Producing flame colours

A 
Wear goggles 
Clean wire with HCl and hold in blue flame
Moisten a flame test wire with HCl
Dip wire into sample solid chemical
Hold flame test wire in blue flame
Record colour of flame
19
Q

Flame colours

A 
Lithium Crimson
Calcium orange red
Sodium yellow
Copper green
Potassium lilac
20
Q

Identifying substances

A

Flame tests can be used to identify cations in compounds

21
Q

Coloured precipitates

A

A compound which contains a transition metal is often coloured
If sodium hydroxide solution is added to these precipitates form different colours

22
Q

White precipitates

A

Sodium hydroxide solution also forms precipitates with other metal ions such as magnesium, calcium and aluminium

23
Q

Reactions of carbonates

A

White carbonates if from group 1 or 2
Form colour carbonates if transition metal
React with acids to form CO2 which turns limewater milky

24
Q

Testing for Halides

A

Test d using silver nitrate

25
Q

Testing for sulfates

A

Tested using Barium chloride

26
Q

To identify single ions

A

Test for gases
Flame test
Precipitate tests with sodium hydroxide, barium chloride, silver nitrate

27
Q

RP: use chemical tests to identify the ions in unknown singe ionic compounds

A 
Flame test 
Precipitation with sodium hydroxide
Testing for CO2
Testing with silver nitrate
Testing with barium chloride 
Identify cation and anion from from these results to find the compound
28
Q

Advantages of instrumental techniques

A

More: rapid,accurate,sensitive

Spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis, separation techniques

29
Q

How do instrument methods work?

A 
Stimulus: light, heat,current,voltage
Sample
Input transducer (detector) 
Signal processor: amplifier, digitzer
Readout: meter,plotter,computer
30
Q

Flame emission spectroscopy

A

Instrumental method
Analyses ions in solution
Sample put into flame and light given out is passed through a spectroscope
The output is a line spectrum

31
Q

Advantage of flame emission spectra

A

Can identify all ions in compounds

GCSE Chemisty (10 decks)

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