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CHEMISTRY > C8) Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

C8) Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the flame colour for lithium? (flame test)

A

red

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2
Q

What is the flame colour for sodium? (flame test)

A

yellow

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3
Q

What is the flame colour for potassium? (flame test)

A

lilac

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4
Q

What is the flame colour for copper? (flame test)

A

blue-green

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5
Q

What is the test for ammonia? (test for gases)

A

turns damp red litmus paper blue

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6
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide? (test for gases)

A

turns limewater milky

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7
Q

What is the test for chlorine? (test for gases)

A

bleaches damp litmus paper

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8
Q

What is the test for hydrogen? (test for gases)

A

pops with a lighted splint

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9
Q

What is the test for oxygen? (test for gases)

A

relights a glowing splint

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10
Q

What is the test and result for carbonate? (test for anions)

A
  • add dilute acid
  • effervescence, carbon dioxide produced
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11
Q

What is the test and result for chloride? (test for anions)

A
  • acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate.
  • white ppt.
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12
Q

What is the test and result for bromide? (test for anions)

A
  • acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate.
  • cream ppt.
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13
Q

What is the test and result for nitrate? (test for anions)

A
  • add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then aluminium foil; warm carefully.
  • ammonia produced.
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14
Q

What is the test and result for sulfate? (test for anions)

A
  • acidify, then add aqueous barium nitrate.
  • white ppt.
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15
Q

What is the effect of ammonium on 1.aqueous sodium hydroxide & 2.aqueous ammonium? (test for cations)

A
  1. ammonia produced on warming.
  2. –
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16
Q

What is the effect of calcium on 1.aqueous sodium hydroxide & 2.aqueous ammonium? (test for cations)

A
  1. white ppt., insoluble in excess.
  2. no ppt. or very slight white ppt.
17
Q

What is the effect of copper on 1.aqueous sodium hydroxide & 2.aqueous ammonium? (test for cations)

A
  1. light blue ppt., insoluble in excess.
  2. light blue ppt., soluble in excess, giving a dark blue solution.
18
Q

What is the effect of iron (II) on 1.aqueous sodium hydroxide & 2.aqueous ammonium? (test for cations)

A
  1. green ppt., insoluble in excess.
  2. green ppt., insoluble in excess
19
Q

What is the effect of iron (III) on 1.aqueous sodium hydroxide & 2.aqueous ammonium? (test for cations)

A
  1. red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess.
  2. red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess.
20
Q

What is the effect of zinc on 1.aqueous sodium hydroxide & 2.aqueous ammonium? (test for cations)

A
  1. white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution.
  2. white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution.
21
Q

What is pH of acids?

A

below 7

22
Q

what is the pH of bases?

A

above 7

23
Q

give 3 properties of bases.

A
  • slippery in touch.
  • bitter in taste.
  • pH above 7.
24
Q

give 3 properties of acids.

A
  • sour taste (when edible)
  • are corrosive
  • pH below 7.
25
Q

State the colour indicator of acids and bases for litmus paper.

A
  • acids : turn litmus paper red.
  • bases : turn litmus paper blue.
26
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of acids with metal.

A

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen

27
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of acids with bases.

A

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

28
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of acids with metal carbonates.

A

Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

29
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of bases with ammonium salt.

A

Base + Ammonium salt → Salt + Ammonia + Water

30
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions, H +(aq), when dissolved in water

31
Q

What is a base?

A

An alkali is a substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH -(aq), when dissolved in water.

32
Q

What is the importance of controlling acidity in soil?

A

If it is too alkaline or acidic, the crops won’t grow properly. Acidity is usually the problem for soil, so a base can help neutralise it. Bases like limestone, slaked lime, or quick lime are usually sprayed in the soil to neutralise it before planting crops.

33
Q

What is the pH number and colour for neutral?

A
  • 7
  • green
34
Q

what pH colour is a strong acid?

A

red

35
Q

what pH colour is a strong base?

A

dark blue/purple

36
Q

how are acidic oxides formed?

A

when a non-metal element combines with oxygen

37
Q

how are basic oxides formed?

A

when a metal element combines with oxygen

38
Q

what are neutral oxides?

A

oxides that do not react with either acids, nor bases.

39
Q

what are amphoteric oxides?

A

oxides that can behave as both acidic and basic depending on whether the other reactant is an acid or a base.

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