C7 Pulmonary Diseases

Question 1

What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 1

A chronic lung condition in newborns involving the inflammation and damage of the lungs, mostly caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or oxygen treatments.

Question 2

Describe nutritional therapy for BPD

Answer 2

• 25-50% higher energy than normal infants (50% for growth failure)
• 50-85 kcals/kg (acute); 120-130 kcals/kg (Convalescence)
• Protein: 7% or more of total kcals
• Carbs and fats: concentrated to 24kcal per ounce

Question 3

Describe the methods of feeding in BPD.

Answer 3

• Small and frequent feedings
• Calorically dense formulas
• Use a soft nipple
• NG or gastrotomy tube feedings

Question 4

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 4

• An inherited disorder where epithelial cells and exocrine glands secrete abnormally thick mucus that affects the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and reproductive tracts.

Question 5

Describe nutritional therapy for cystic fibrosis.

Answer 5

Carbs: Modified if glucose/lactose intolerance develops

Protein: 15-20% if energy needs are met.

Fat: 35-40% calories

Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, with pancreatic enzyme supplementation

Question 6

What are the strategies of feeding CF infants?

Answer 6

• High calorie infant formulas (20-27 kcals/ozs)
• Breast feeding with supplements of high cal formulas and pancreatic enzymes
• Protein hydrolysate formulas with MCT oil

Question 7

What are the strategies of feeding children and adults with CF?

Answer 7

• Regular mealtimes with large portions
• Nutrient dense foods
• Extra snacks
• Nocturnal enteral feedings

Question 8

Describe nutritional therapy for TB.

Answer 8

35-40 kcals/kg of IBW

1.2-1.5g/kg protein

Multivitamin-mineral supplementation

Question 9

What is COPD?

Answer 9

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) refers to a group of diseases characterized by airway obstruction.

Question 10

Provide some examples of COPD and provide a description.

Answer 10

Emphysema: Abnormal, permanent enlargement of alveoli, with destruction of alveoli walls without obvious fibrosis

Chronic bronchitis: Chronic, productive cough with bronchial inflammation and secondary changes of lung tissues

Bronchospasm: Sudden constriction or narrowing of airways.

Bronchial asthma: Triggered by food sensitivities, pollen and other allergens.

Cor pulmonale: Enlargement of right ventricle of heart caused by pulmonary vascular disorders or lung disease.

Question 11

Describe nutritional therapy for COPD.

Answer 11

Carbs: 40-55%
Protein: 1.2-1.7g/kg
Fats: 30-45%
Vitamins and minerals: Meet DRI, smokers supplement Vit. C