C7 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is complete combustion?
An oxidation reaction that occurs when a fuel reacts with plenty of oxygen
What is crude oil?
A mixture of many hydrocarbons
Shorter hydrocarbons have lower boiling points so condense nearer the top or bottom of the column?
Top as it’s cooler
Longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points so condense nearer the top or bottom of the column?
The bottom as it’s very hot
What are alkanes?
The simplest type of hydrocarbon, containing only single covalent bonds.
What is the method of catalytic cracking?
Hydrocarbon vapour is passed over hot powdered aluminium catalyst.
What is the method of steam cracking?
Hydrocarbon vapour is mixed with steam as heated to a very high temperature.
What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons that have a carbon - carbon double bond. The carbon double bond makes them more reactive then alkanes.
What’s incomplete combustion?
When a fuel burns in air but there’s not enough oxygen to burn completely.
Adding an Alkene to bromine water causes it to change from orange to what?
Colourless
What are the four properties of the the first four alcohols?
- Flammable - they undergo complete combustion in air
- Soluble in water - they give neutral solutions
- They ready with sodium to form hydrogen gas
- Oxidised by oxidising agents to form carboxylic acids
What are two key uses of alcohols?
- Short - chain alcohols make good fuels
- Solvents in industry
