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GCSE Chemistry > C7 - Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

C7 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are Alkanes saturated compounds

A

Each carbon atom forms four single covalent bond

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2
Q

Equation for Methane

A

CH.4

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3
Q

Equation for Ethane

A

C.2H.6

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4
Q

Equation for Propane

A

C.3 H.8

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5
Q

Equation for Butane

A

C.4H.10

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6
Q

Properties of Shorter carbon chain

A

More viscous
Lower boiling points
More flammable

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7
Q

Why are hydrocarbons used as fuels

A

Due to releasing large amounts of energy in complete combustion

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8
Q

What is crude oil

A

Mixture of hydrocarbons

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9
Q

Where do long chain hydrocarbons go in fractional distillation

A

Bottom due to having high boiling points

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10
Q

Where do the very short chain hydrocarbons go in fractional distillation

A

Through the top as gas

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11
Q

What is feedstock

A

Chemical that is used to make other chemicals

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12
Q

Types of Feedstock

A

Solvents
Lubricants
Detergents
Polymers

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13
Q

How to test for alkenes

A

Alkene and bromine water goes orange to colourless

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14
Q

Ethane Formula

A

C2H4

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15
Q

Propane Formula

A

C.3H.6

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16
Q

Butane Formula

A

C.4H.8

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17
Q

Pentane Formula

A

C.5H.10

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18
Q

Why are alkenes unsaturated

A

Alkenes have 2 less hydrogens than an alkane with the same number of carbons

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19
Q

What makes alkenes reactive

A

Carbon double bond turning into single bond and bonding with other atoms

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20
Q

Complete Combustion equation

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

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21
Q

Incomplete Combustion equation

A

Alkene + Oxygen -> Carbon + Carbon Monoxide + Carbon Dioxide + Water

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22
Q

What is addition of hydrogen called

A

Hydrogenation

23
Q

What form must water be in during hydration

A

Steam

24
Q

What must the temperature and pressure be during hydration

A

300 degrees
70 atmospheres

25
Q

What is used in hydration to speed up reaction

A

Catalyst

26
Q

What type of reaction is hydration

A

Reversible

27
Q

Ethene reaction with Bromine

A

Dibromoethane

28
Q

Ethene reaction with Iodine

A

Diiodoethane

29
Q

Ethene reaction with Chlorine

A

Dichloropropane

30
Q

General formula for alcohol

A

C.nH.2n+1OH

31
Q

Methanol Formula

A

CH.3OH

32
Q

Ethanol Formula

A

C.2H.5OH

33
Q

Propanol Formula

A

C.3H.7OH

34
Q

Butanol Formula

A

C.4H.9OH

35
Q

2 ways to make ethanol

A

Hydration and Fermentation

36
Q

Conditions for Fermentation

A

Yeast
30 degrees
Anaerobic Conditions

37
Q

Equation for fermentation

A

Glucose –(yeast + 30C)–> ethanol + carbon dioxide

38
Q

2 Advantages of Fermentation

A

Low temp = low energy
Sugar comes from plants so is renewable

39
Q

Disadvantage of Fermentation

A

Product is an aqueous solution

40
Q

Methanoic acid Formula

A

HCOOH

41
Q

Ethanoic acid Formula

A

CH.3COOH

42
Q

Propanoic acid Formula

A

CH.3CH.2COOH

43
Q

Butanoic acid Formula

A

CH.3CH.2CH.2COOH

44
Q

Carboxylic acid reaction with metal carbonate

A

Carboxylic acid + Metal carbonate -> Salt + Carbon Dioxide +Water

45
Q

Carboxylic acid reaction with alcohol

A

Ester and water

46
Q

Use for esters

A

Smell in foods

47
Q

What are the monomers in addition polymers

A

Alkenes

48
Q

Amino group formula

A

NH.2

49
Q

Carboxyl group formula

A

COOH

50
Q

Glycerine formula

A

H.2NCH.2COOH

51
Q

What is a polypeptide

A

Polymer of just one type of amino acid

52
Q

What is a protein

A

Polymer of different amino acids in the same chain

53
Q

What are nucleotides

A

Monomers

GCSE Chemistry (11 decks)

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