C2 - Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
What is an ION?
A charged particle that form when an atom loses or gains an electron
What ions do metals form?
positive
What ions do non-metals form?
negative
What is Ionic bonding?
When a metal and non-metal react and the metal loses an electron to the non-metal.
TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS
what are group 6 and 7 ions called?
anions
what are group 1 and 2 called?
cations
Structure of Ionic Compound
GIANT IONIC LATTICE - ions form closely packed regular lattice arrangement and there are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, in all directions.
Properties of IONIC COMPOUNDS
-All have high melting and boiling points due to strong bonds between ions
-Can’t conduct electricity when solid
-Some dissolve in water easily and carry current
What is a POLYMER?
Long chains of small units linked together by strong covalent bonds to form a long molecule
Properties of GIANT COVALENT STRUCTURES
All bonded to each other by strong covalent bonds
- very high melting and boiling points (lots of energy needed to break bonds)
-Not conductors of electricity due to no ions.
Structure of Diamond
Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds in a very rigid gian covalent structure
Structure of Graphite
Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds to create layers. Each carbon has one delocalized electron
Simple molecular substances properties
-Don’t conduct electricity
How are polymers joined
Covalent Bonds
Describe structure of diamond
-4 covalent bonds
-Very high melting point
-Does not conduct electricity
Structure of graphite
-3 covalent bonds creating layers pf hexagons
-High melting point
-Conducts electricity
What are fullerenes
Molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls.
What is Buckminsterfullerene
The first fullerene to be discovered.
Molecular formula C60 and forms hollow sphere
Arrangements in fullerenes
Carbon in :
Hexagons
Pentagons
Heptagons
Uses for fullerenes
Form around other atoms or molecules which trap them inside
Can be used to deliver drugs
What is a nanotube
Tiny carbon cylinder
Properties of nanotube
-High tensile strength
-Can conduct electricityq
Properties of Metallic Bonding
-Most are solid at room temperature
-Good conductors of electricity and heat due to delocalised electrons
-Malleable as atoms can slide over eachother
Which are harder, Alloys or Pure Metals and why is this
Alloys
as different elements have different sized atoms, distorting the layers.
