C2 - Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter

Question 1

What is an ION?

Answer 1

A charged particle that form when an atom loses or gains an electron

Question 2

What ions do metals form?

Answer 2

positive

Question 3

What ions do non-metals form?

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

What is Ionic bonding?

Answer 4

When a metal and non-metal react and the metal loses an electron to the non-metal.
TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS

Question 5

what are group 6 and 7 ions called?

Answer 5

anions

Question 6

what are group 1 and 2 called?

Answer 6

cations

Question 7

Structure of Ionic Compound

Answer 7

GIANT IONIC LATTICE - ions form closely packed regular lattice arrangement and there are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, in all directions.

Question 8

Properties of IONIC COMPOUNDS

Answer 8

-All have high melting and boiling points due to strong bonds between ions
-Can’t conduct electricity when solid
-Some dissolve in water easily and carry current

Question 9

What is a POLYMER?

Answer 9

Long chains of small units linked together by strong covalent bonds to form a long molecule

Question 10

Properties of GIANT COVALENT STRUCTURES

Answer 10

All bonded to each other by strong covalent bonds
- very high melting and boiling points (lots of energy needed to break bonds)
-Not conductors of electricity due to no ions.

Question 11

Structure of Diamond

Answer 11

Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds in a very rigid gian covalent structure

Question 12

Structure of Graphite

Answer 12

Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds to create layers. Each carbon has one delocalized electron

Question 13

Simple molecular substances properties

Answer 13

-Don’t conduct electricity

Question 14

How are polymers joined

Answer 14

Covalent Bonds

Question 15

Describe structure of diamond

Answer 15

-4 covalent bonds
-Very high melting point
-Does not conduct electricity

Question 16

Structure of graphite

Answer 16

-3 covalent bonds creating layers pf hexagons
-High melting point
-Conducts electricity

Question 17

What are fullerenes

Answer 17

Molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls.

Question 18

What is Buckminsterfullerene

Answer 18

The first fullerene to be discovered.
Molecular formula C60 and forms hollow sphere

Question 19

Arrangements in fullerenes

Answer 19

Carbon in :
Hexagons
Pentagons
Heptagons

Question 20

Uses for fullerenes

Answer 20

Form around other atoms or molecules which trap them inside
Can be used to deliver drugs

Question 21

What is a nanotube

Answer 21

Tiny carbon cylinder

Question 22

Properties of nanotube

Answer 22

-High tensile strength
-Can conduct electricityq

Question 23

Properties of Metallic Bonding

Answer 23

-Most are solid at room temperature
-Good conductors of electricity and heat due to delocalised electrons
-Malleable as atoms can slide over eachother

Question 24

Which are harder, Alloys or Pure Metals and why is this

Answer 24

Alloys
as different elements have different sized atoms, distorting the layers.