C1 - Atomic Structure Flashcards
What does MASS NUMBER show?
Total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
What does ATOMIC NUMBER show?
Total number of protons
What is an ISOTOPE?
Different forms of the same element, which have the SAME number of PROTONS but a DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS.
same atomic number but a different mass number.
What is RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS?
The average mass, taking into account the different masses and abundance (amounts) of all the isotopes that make up the element
FORMULA for RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS
Ar = sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of abundance of all isotopes
5 types of SEPARATION
Filtration, Crystallisation, Simple Distillation, Fractional Distillation, Chromatography
What is a BASE?
A base is a substance that can react with acids and neutralize them.
What was JOHN DALTON’S theory?
He described atoms as solid spheres, and different spheres made different elements.
Start of 18th century
Who made the PLUM PUDDING MODEL?
JJ Thomson 1897
Who did the ALPHA SCATTERING EXPERIMENT and what did it conclude
Ernest Rutherford proved that positively charged particles at the center, where mass is concentrated.
Most of the atom is empty space
‘cloud’ of negative electrons.
What did BOHR’S NUCLEAR MODEL explain?
Electron shells
Properties of Group 1 metals
Alkali metals: soft and low densities, very reactive and
Trends as you go down group 1
- Increase in reactivity
- Lower melting and boiling points
-Higher relative atomic mass
Alkali metal reaction with water
-React vigorously to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide
Alkali metal reaction with chlorine
-React vigorously when heated in chlorine gas to form white metal chloride salts
Alkali metal reaction with oxygen
-React to form metal oxide
Different types of oxides formed from alkali metals
lithium - Lithium oxide
Sodium - mixture of sodium oxide and sodium
peroxide
Potassium - Potassium peroxide and potassium
superoxide
What are the group 7 elements called
Halogens
Trend as you go down group 7
-Become less reactive
-Higher melting and boiling points
What is formed when halogens react with non metals
Simple molecular structures
What are halogen ions called and what is the charge
Halides
-1
What is formed when halogen reacts with metal
Halide with ionic structure
What is group 0 called
Noble gases
What is a monatomic gas
single atoms not bonded to each other
Properties of noble gases
Non-flammable
Colourless gas at room temperature
Trend as you go down Group 0
Boiling point inreases
Who discovered the Proton
Ernest Rutherford
Who discovered neutrons and Nuclear model
James Chadwick
