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Chem 2 > C7 > Flashcards

C7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkanes are useful for what

A

Fuels

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2
Q

General formula of an alkane

A

Cn H 2n+2

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3
Q

First 4 alkanes

A

Methane(ch4)
Ethane(c2h6)
Propane(c3h8)
Butane(c4h10

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4
Q

Alkanes-volatile(reactive) trend

A

SMALLER molecules are MORE volatile as they have WEAK INTERMOLECULAR FORCES -less energy to overcome+low boiling point

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5
Q

Why are long chain alkanes broken down (cracked)

A

HIGHER DEMAND for SMALL ALKANES like petrol

And ALKENES which make polymer

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6
Q

What is the functional group of alkanes

A

Carbon to carbon DOUBLE covalent bond

C=C

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7
Q

First 4 alkenes

A

Ethene(c2h4)
Propene(c3h6)
Butene(c5h10)
Pentene(c5h10)

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8
Q

General formula of alkene

A

Cn H 2n

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9
Q

First 4 alcohols

A

Methanol(CH3OH)
Ethanol(c2h5OH)
Propanol(c3h7OH)
Butanol(c4h9OH)

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10
Q

Different amino acids combine in the same chain to form…….

A

Proteins

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11
Q

A homologous series is

A

Group of carbon compounds with same functional group

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12
Q

Alkane flammability trend

A

as molecules get larger they get less flammable

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13
Q

Alkane viscosity trend(thickness)

A

SMALLER molecules are LESS VISCOUS(thick) as they have WEAKER INTERMOLECULAR forces

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14
Q

Testing for alkenes (are they more reactive than alkanes)

A 
Alkenes are MORE REACTIVE than alkanes
We can test for alkenes using bromine water (Br2)
Bromine water is orange
AlkANE-stays orange 
AlkENE-become colourless
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15
Q

Addition polymerisation is …..

A

MONOMERS (alkenes) with the SAME functional group join together forming ONE large molecule

(Double bond opens up)

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16
Q

Monomer is…..

A

Small molecule with c=c double bond

17
Q

Alcohol functional group
+
Dissolved in water solution

A

-OH

(Dissolve in water=solutions with ph7

18
Q

What are alcohols useful for

A
  • solvents

- FUEL-react with oxygen in combustion reactions

19
Q

Fermentation and temperature needed

A

Yeast + glucose—>ethanol + carbon dioxide

25• (no oxygen)

20
Q

Hydration of Ethene happens at?

No specific numbers

A
  • high temp
  • high pressure
  • catalyst
21
Q

First 4 carboxylic acids (noic)

A

Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid

22
Q

When are carboxylic acids formed

A

When alcohols are oxidised (c=o)

Eg ethanol + oxygen—>ethanoic acid+ water

23
Q

Carboxylic acids functional group

A

-COOH

Weak acids in water

24
Q

DNA is

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a LARGE MOLECULES that encodes genetic instructions
Most dna molecule are 2 POLYMER CHAINS made from 4 DIFFERENT MONOMERS called NUCLEOTIDES
Form a DOUBLE HELIX

25
Q

Functional groups of amino acid in 1 molecule

A

Amine + carboxylic acid

26
Q

Fractional distillation for crude oil

A

Crude oil is HEATED in a FURNACE + PUMPED into FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION COLLUM
FRACTIONS EVAPORATE and RISE
When they reach their boiling point they CONDENSE and are collected separately

27
Q

Reactions of carboxylic acids

A

React with BASES-NEUTRALISATION
Salts end in anoate

React with ALCOHOLS in presence of catalyst to form ESTERS

28
Q

What are fractions made from

A

Hydrocarbons-Alkanes

29
Q

What is crude oil

A

A MIXTURE which must be separated into fractions

Finite resource-remains of biomass

30
Q

Polymer?

A 
Long molecule (lots of monomers bonded)
Strong covalent bonds
31
Q

Unsaturated?

A

Hydrocarbons(monomers) with c=c double bond (alkenes)

32
Q

What type of reaction is cracking

A

Thermal decomposition

33
Q

Condensation polymerisation is

A

MONOMERS with DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL GROUPS.

USUALLY LOSE WATER

34
Q

How are long chain alkanes broken down

A

Catalytic cracking

Steam cracking

35
Q

Why are alkenes not good fuels

A

Burn with a Smokey flame

36
Q

How do amino acids react and what do they produce

A

React by condensation polymerisation to produce polypeptides (proteins)

Chem 2 (5 decks)

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