C10

Question 1

Humans use the earths resources to provide……..

Answer 1

Food 
Timber
Clothing 
Fuels 
From both natural or synthetic resources

Question 2

What do life cycle assessments asses

Answer 2

The Environmental impact of a product or process but it is hard to measure the effect of pollutants

Question 3

The stages of life cycle assessments

Answer 3

1. extracting and processing raw materials
2. Manufactoring and packaging
3. use and operation during its lifetime
4. disposal at the end of its useful life,including transport

Question 4

Metals glass ceramics and most plastics are produced by finite resources
What does obtaining the raw materials cause

Answer 4

Obtaining the resources by quarrying and mining causes
Enironmental damage
Uses lots of energy

Question 5

What happens if we start reducing reusing and recycling and what must happen first for this

Answer 5

We use less of our limited resources and less energy is used
But
Waste must be collected and separated first before recycling

Question 6

Recycling

Glass bottles and metals

Answer 6

Glass bottles-
Reuse
Other glass can be crushed and melted to make new glass products
Metals-
Melted and reformed into different products
Eg scrap steel(iron alloy) can be added to iron in blast furnace reducing amount of iron needed

Question 7

Sustainable development is……

Is using resources sustainable?

Answer 7

Development that meets the needs of society now without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their needs
Using resources can be unsustainable if used faster than made
-uses too much energy or
-produces too much waste

Question 8

What is potable water

Why do we use potable water

Answer 8

Water that is safe to drink
Not pure because it contains dissolved substances (salts+microbes) which we need
But
Making water potable requires a lot of energy making it impractical for large quantities

Question 9

Potable water from rivers and lakes

Answer 9

1. Sedimentation-allow solid particles to settle
2. filtration-passed through a sand filter to remove small solids
3. sterilised-sterilising agents like chlorine,Uv light or ozone to kill microbes

Question 10

Potable water from ground water and reservoirs

Answer 10

Aquifiers-layer of water found below permeable rock
Permeable rock-water moves through rock getting cleaned
Extracted from (artesian well) reservoirs -stores of fresh water

Question 11

Obtaining potable water from sea water

Answer 11

Some countries do not have much rainfall so fresh water is limited water and is obtained from sea water

• the salt must be removed to make it potable-desalination
• water can be desalinated by either distillation or reverse osmosis (using osmosis

Question 12

Potable water obtained from: fresh water from lakes and rivers
What is the process

Answer 12

In the uk rainwater is collected in lakes and reservoirs to make it safe to drink

1. water is FILTERED using wire mesh removing large solid objects like sticks
2. Water is then passed through a sand filter,removing small solids
3. the water is then STERILISED using chlorine,Uv light or ozone to kill microbes and bacteria

Question 13

Getting clean water

Answer 13

Screening-large solid objects like twigs removed
Sedimentation-in settlement tank small solids sink to the bottom creating sludge,less dense effluent floats to the top
Aerobic respiration-effluent from settlement tank is removed and air is pumped through it.Aerobic bacteria break down organic matter(microbes)

Anaerobic digestion-sludge from bottom of tank removed and broken down by anaerobic digestion then sent to landfill