C6.2 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is organic chemistry
The study of carbon-based molecules both from living organisms and fossil fuels
What is a functional group
An atom or group of atoms responsible for the chemical reactions of a chemical. Functional groups determine the reactivity if members of a homologous serious
What is hydrocarbon
A molecule which is made of carbon and hydrogen only
What is the homologous serious
A group of molecules with the same functional group but a different number of -CH2 groups
What does the carbon chain length determine
The carbon chain length determines physical properties such as melting/boiling points
How are homologous series named
1 carbon = meth (e.g. methane) 2 carbons = eth (e.g. ethane) 3 carbons = prop (e.g. propan§e) 4 carbons = but (e.g. butane) Acronym: Monkeys Eat Peanut Butter. From 5+ carbons, molecules are named like polygons (pent, hex, sept, oct etc)
what can the general formula of a homologous series be used to calculate
the general formula of a homologous series can be used to calculate the molecular formula of any member of the series by subsituting n for the number of carbon atoms
what 2 products will all organic compounds produce
water and carbon dioxide
what can be used to detect a carbon-carbon double bond
bromine water, a red/orange coloured solution of bromine. The solution turns colourless
what will alcohols produce if they react with an oxidising agent
they form carboxylic acid. This means oxygen is being added to the molecule
what is an example of an oxidising agent
potassium manganate (VII) which changes from purple to colourless
what is addidtion polymerisation
when alkenes undero addition reactionsnwith themselves to form a long chain polymer molecule
what is condensation polymerisation
when monomer units join together and a small molecule, such as water, is removed
how is nylon made
it is made through a condensation reaction. Dicarboxylic acid and diamine and two monomers that react to make nylon
what does dicarboxylic acid have at the end of each chain
A dicarboxylic acid has a COOH group at each end of the chain
what is an amine
a functional group in organic chemistry with the general formula -NH2
how do you make an addition polymer such as poly(ethene)
the monomer units need to reactc in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst starts the reaction and causes a chain reaction
what is a catalyst
a substance that lowers that activation energy of a reaction
what is a chain reaction
a reaction that, once started, is self sustaining
how do you make a condensation polymer, such as nylon
Decanedioul dichloride in cyclohexane is floated on a solution of diaminohexane in water. Polymerisation occurs at the interface (the boundary between the two solutions). Pulling out the polymer that forms results in a long threaf of nylon
what is crude oil
crude oil is a fossil fuel that formed millions of years in the Earth’s crust. It is a mixture of many hydrocarbins that have different boiling points
why is crude oil important
because it is the main source of chemicals for the petrochemical industry for making plastics and fuels such as petrol and diesel. The hydrocarbons present in crude oil are used extensively throughout the chemical industry and it is a finite resource
what is fractional distillation
the splitting of crude oil into different fractions, based on boiling points
what is the process of fractional distillation
the crude oil is heated in a fractionating column. The column has a temperature gradient - ir is hotter ay the bottom than at the top. Fractions with low boiling points leave towards the top of the fractionating column. Fractions with high boiling points leave towards the bottom of the fractionating column
