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GCSE Chemistry > C6.2 - Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

C6.2 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is organic chemistry

A

The study of carbon-based molecules both from living organisms and fossil fuels

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2
Q

What is a functional group

A

An atom or group of atoms responsible for the chemical reactions of a chemical. Functional groups determine the reactivity if members of a homologous serious

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3
Q

What is hydrocarbon

A

A molecule which is made of carbon and hydrogen only

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4
Q

What is the homologous serious

A

A group of molecules with the same functional group but a different number of -CH2 groups

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5
Q

What does the carbon chain length determine

A

The carbon chain length determines physical properties such as melting/boiling points

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6
Q

How are homologous series named

A 
1 carbon = meth (e.g. methane)
2 carbons = eth (e.g. ethane)
3 carbons = prop (e.g. propan§e)
4 carbons = but (e.g. butane)
Acronym: Monkeys Eat Peanut Butter.
From 5+ carbons, molecules are named like polygons (pent, hex, sept, oct etc)
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7
Q

what can the general formula of a homologous series be used to calculate

A

the general formula of a homologous series can be used to calculate the molecular formula of any member of the series by subsituting n for the number of carbon atoms

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8
Q

what 2 products will all organic compounds produce

A

water and carbon dioxide

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9
Q

what can be used to detect a carbon-carbon double bond

A

bromine water, a red/orange coloured solution of bromine. The solution turns colourless

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10
Q

what will alcohols produce if they react with an oxidising agent

A

they form carboxylic acid. This means oxygen is being added to the molecule

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11
Q

what is an example of an oxidising agent

A

potassium manganate (VII) which changes from purple to colourless

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12
Q

what is addidtion polymerisation

A

when alkenes undero addition reactionsnwith themselves to form a long chain polymer molecule

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13
Q

what is condensation polymerisation

A

when monomer units join together and a small molecule, such as water, is removed

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14
Q

how is nylon made

A

it is made through a condensation reaction. Dicarboxylic acid and diamine and two monomers that react to make nylon

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15
Q

what does dicarboxylic acid have at the end of each chain

A

A dicarboxylic acid has a COOH group at each end of the chain

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16
Q

what is an amine

A

a functional group in organic chemistry with the general formula -NH2

17
Q

how do you make an addition polymer such as poly(ethene)

A

the monomer units need to reactc in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst starts the reaction and causes a chain reaction

18
Q

what is a catalyst

A

a substance that lowers that activation energy of a reaction

19
Q

what is a chain reaction

A

a reaction that, once started, is self sustaining

20
Q

how do you make a condensation polymer, such as nylon

A

Decanedioul dichloride in cyclohexane is floated on a solution of diaminohexane in water. Polymerisation occurs at the interface (the boundary between the two solutions). Pulling out the polymer that forms results in a long threaf of nylon

21
Q

what is crude oil

A

crude oil is a fossil fuel that formed millions of years in the Earth’s crust. It is a mixture of many hydrocarbins that have different boiling points

22
Q

why is crude oil important

A

because it is the main source of chemicals for the petrochemical industry for making plastics and fuels such as petrol and diesel. The hydrocarbons present in crude oil are used extensively throughout the chemical industry and it is a finite resource

23
Q

what is fractional distillation

A

the splitting of crude oil into different fractions, based on boiling points

24
Q

what is the process of fractional distillation

A

the crude oil is heated in a fractionating column. The column has a temperature gradient - ir is hotter ay the bottom than at the top. Fractions with low boiling points leave towards the top of the fractionating column. Fractions with high boiling points leave towards the bottom of the fractionating column

25
Q

what is the process called when crude oil is separated into useful fractions that contain mixturesof hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

A

fractional distillation!!!!

26
Q

what is the formula for the hydrocarbon chains that belong to the alkane homologous series

A

C n H 2n+2

27
Q

the longer the hydrocarbon chains…

A

the greater the intermolecular forces, so the higher the boiling point

GCSE Chemistry (12 decks)

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