C2.3 - Properties Of Materials

Question 1

why does carbon have 4 electrons in its outer shell

Answer 1

carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell because carbon is in Group 4

Question 2

what is carbon

Answer 2

carbon is the 6th element in the periodic table

Question 3

what is the atomic mass of carbon

Answer 3

the atomic mass of carbon is 12

Question 4

how many covalent bonds can carbon make with other atoms

Answer 4

carbon can make up to 4 covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 5

what are organic compounds

Answer 5

organic compounds are naturally occuring synthetic carbon based compounds

Question 6

can carbon bond with other carbons

Answer 6

yes - carbon can bond with other carbons

Question 7

what are allotropes

Answer 7

allotropes are different forms of an element in the same state (e.g. a solid) but with different atomic arrangements

Question 8

what are the 4 allotropes of carbon

Answer 8

diamond, graphit, graphine and fullerenes

Question 9

how is graphite formed

Answer 9

graphite is formed when each carbon atom bonds with 3 other carbon atoms

Question 10

why can graphite conduct electricity

Answer 10

graphite can conduct electricity because it has free electrons

Question 11

how are the layers in graphite held together

Answer 11

the layers are held together by weak bonds, so they can break off easily

Question 12

what is graphene

Answer 12

graphene is a single layer of graphite

Question 13

why can graphene conduct electricity

Answer 13

graphene can conduct electricity because it has free electrons

Question 14

what is graphene used in

Answer 14

graphene is used in electronics and solar panels

Question 15

how is diamond formed

Answer 15

diamond is formed when each carbon atom bonds with 4 other carbon atoms

Question 16

why can’t diamond conduct electricity

Answer 16

diamond can’t conduct electricity because all of its outermost electrons are involved in bonding

Question 17

what are some properties of diamond

Answer 17

diamond cannot conduct electricity. diamonds are very hard. dimond is extremely strong

Question 18

what are diamonds used in

Answer 18

diamonds are used in drill bits, and polished diamonds are used in jewellery

Question 19

why is diamond very strong

Answer 19

diamond is extremely strong because each atom forms the full number of covalent bonds

Question 20

what are fullerenes

Answer 20

fullerenes are tubes and spherical structures formed using only carbon atoms

Question 21

what are fullerenes used as

Answer 21

fullerenes are used as superconductor, for reinforcing carbon fibre structures, and as containers for drugs being used introduced into the body

Question 22

what is diamond an example of

Answer 22

dimaond is an example of a gian covalent structure

Question 23

what is graphite an example of

Answer 23

giant covalent structure

Question 24

how many C-C bonds does diamond have

Answer 24

diamond has 4 C-C bonds

Question 25

how many C-C bonds does graphite have

Answer 25

graphite has 3 C-C bonds

Question 26

how many C-C bonds does Buckminster fullerene have

Answer 26

Buckminster fullerene has 3 C-C bonds

Question 27

what is an example of a metallic structure

Answer 27

steel

Question 28

what is an example of a giant covalent structure

Answer 28

carbon fibre

Question 29

what is an example of ionic compounds

Answer 29

sodium chloride

Question 30

what is an example of a simple covalent structure

Answer 30

iodine

Question 31

what is an example of polymers

Answer 31

wax

Question 32

is a metallic structure brittle or flexible

Answer 32

a metallic structure is flexible

Question 33

is a giant covalent structure brittle or flexible

Answer 33

a giant covalent structure is brittle (it shatters)

Question 34

are ionic compounds brittle or flexible

Answer 34

ionic compounds are brittle

Question 35

is a simple covalent structure brittle or flexible

Answer 35

a simple covalent structure is brittle

Question 36

are polymers brittle or flexible

Answer 36

polymer are flexible

Question 37

what is the arrangement of structures in a metallic structure

Answer 37

the particles are closely packed in layers but the layers can slide over each other

Question 38

what is the arrangement of structures in a giant covalent structure

Answer 38

the particles are closley packed in layers but the layers can't slide over each other

Question 39

what is the arrangement of structures in ionic compounds

Answer 39

the particles are in a uniform lattice

Question 40

what is the arrangement of structures in simple covalent structures

Answer 40

the particles are in a lattice of simple molecules, held together by intermolecular forces

Question 41

what is the arrangement of structures in polymers

Answer 41

the particles aren't in a lattice, but held together by intermolecular forces (which are relatively weak)

Question 42

what are bulk properties

Answer 42

bulk properties are how atons/molecules interact in big groups

Question 43

what are some examples of bulk properties

Answer 43

density, hardness, malleability, conductivity, melting/boiling points

Question 44

what is malleability

Answer 44

malleability is how easily you can change the shape

Question 45

what do atomic/molecular properties rely on

Answer 45

atomic/molecular properties rely on the atomic structure of the atoms

Question 46

what are some examples of atomic/molecular properties

Answer 46

electronic structure, atomic radius, bonding, intermolecular structure

Question 47

what are nanoparticles

Answer 47

nanoparticles are particles with a size between 1 and 100nm

Question 48

what are some properties of nanoparticles

Answer 48

nanoparticles are very small, and have a very large surface area to volume ratio

Question 49

what can nanoparticles be used for

Answer 49

nanoparticles can be used in suncream. nanoparticles can be used for catalysts, windows, ovens and clothes (self cleaning)

Question 50

why are nanoparticles used in suncream

Answer 50

extra small size of nanoparticles makes the cream colourless (instead of white). the nanopoarticles block UV (they don't sctter visible light)

Question 51

why are nanoparticles used in catalysts, windows, ovens and clothes (self cleaning)

Answer 51

nanoparticles have a large surface area to volume ratio so more of the substance comes into contact with the surrounding material e.g. catalysts speed up reactions but they aren't catalysts. a nanoparticle coating on glass will keep the glass clean

Question 52

what are some risks of nanoparticles

Answer 52

they are so small that they can be breathed in and absorbed into tissues. they can take a long time to be broken down once released into the environment. they are so new thst not all the risks have been identified. the risks are difficult to predict