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GCSE Chemistry > C1 - Particles > Flashcards

C1 - Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

what are some properties of solids

A

they cannot be compressed. they cannot diffuse/flow. they have a fixed shape. they have low kinectic energy

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2
Q

what are some properties of liquids

A

their shape is at the bottom of a container. they can flow. their shape fits to a container. diffusion can happen. they cannot be compressed. their kinectic energy is low to medium

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3
Q

what are some properties of gases

A

they fill containers. they can be compressed. they can flow. they can be diffused. their kinectic energy is high

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4
Q

what is an example of a solute

A

salt

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5
Q

what is an example of a solvent

A

water

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6
Q

what is an example of a solution

A

brine

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7
Q

physical changes are changes of….

A

state.
shape.
being broken into pieces

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8
Q

is dissolving a chemical or physical change

A

dissolving is a physical change

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9
Q

are physical changes reversible or irreversible

A

physical changes tend to be reversible so no new substances are made

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10
Q

what are chemical changes

A

chemical changes are permanent changes where an atom or molecule chemically joins to anoother atom or molecule

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11
Q

are chemical changes reversible or irreversible

A

chemical changes tend to be irreversible

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12
Q

what are some limitations of the particle model

A

particles aren’t really spheres. particles are different sizes to each other. little account is taken of the intermolecular forces between particles. the size of the spaces between particles is not taken into account. electron structure is ignored - particles look solid.

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13
Q

what is an element

A

a substance made of only one type of atom

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14
Q

what is a compound

A

a substance made of at lease 2 types of elements or atoms chemically combined e.g. H20

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15
Q

what is a molecule

A

a substance/particle made of at least 2 atoms chemically combined e.g. H20 and 02

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16
Q

when was the first mention of the atom by greek philosophers

A

430BC

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17
Q

what did Thomson suggest after discovering the electron in 1897

A

homson suggested the atom was like a plum pudding with the raisins in the pudding representing the negative electrons embedded in a sphere of positive charge

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18
Q

who were Thomson’s students

A

Ernest Rutherford, Geiger and Marson

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19
Q

what was Thomson’s experiment

A

particles called alpha were fired through a vacuum at a very thin gold leaf (10 atoms thick). alpha particles were known to be very small and positively charged. more alpha particles went straight through or were deflected very slightly as expected from the plum pudding model. around 1 in 8000 were deflected by more than 90°

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20
Q

what conclusion did Thomson make

A

he atom must have a nucleus which is very dense, small and highly positively charged. the rest of the atom is almost entirely space

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21
Q

what did Neils Bohr realise

A

Neils Bohr realised that quantum physics meant that electrons could only be found in very distinct energy levels around the atoms called shells that trying to pin point where they were within that shell at any time was impossible

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22
Q

how small are atoms in mm

A

1x10^-7 mm

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23
Q

what state is carbon dioxide, at room temperature

A

colourless gas

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24
Q

what state are ozone, ammonia, nitrogen and oxygen at room temperature

A

gas

25
Q

what state are carbon and iodine at room temperature

A

solid

26
Q

where are the protons and neutrons in an atom

A

the protons and neutrons are in a dense nucleus

27
Q

where are the electrons in an atom

A

in shells around the outside

28
Q

what is the relative mass of a proton

A

1

29
Q

what is the relative charge of a proton

A

+1

30
Q

what is the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

31
Q

what is the relative charge of a neutron

A

0

32
Q

what is the relative mass of an electron

A

almost 0

33
Q

what is the relative charge of an electron

A

-1

34
Q

what is the atomic number

A

the atomic number is the number of protons/electrons

35
Q

how do you calculate the mass number

A

the mass number = protons + neutrons

36
Q

how do you calculate the neutrons

A

neutrons = mass number - number of protons

37
Q

what is the relative mass of a neutron

A

mass number - atomic number

38
Q

what are isotopes

A

isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons/electrons but a different number of neutrons. isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass number

39
Q

why do isotopes of an element have identical chemical properties

A

isotopes of an element have identical chemical properties as they have the same number of electrons

40
Q

do isotopes of the same element have the same physical properties

A

no, only if chemical

41
Q

what is an atom

A

the smallest particles that can exist on its own

42
Q

what is an electron

A

negatively charged particles that orbits the nucleus of an atom

43
Q

what is a neutron

A

a neutral particles, with a mass of 1. it is found in the nucleus of an atom

44
Q

what is a nucleus

A

the dense, positively charged centre of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons

45
Q

what is the molecular formula

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, also known as the proton number

46
Q

what happens to particles when they are heated (given heated)

A

when particles are heated, the energy causes them to move more

47
Q

do particles vibrate in a solid

A

yes - particles vibrate in a solid

48
Q

at what temperature does water change state from solid to liquid

A

at 0°C

49
Q

what is the melting point

A

when water changes state from solid to liquid

50
Q

what happens to water molecules if water is heated

A

water molecules will move faster

51
Q

at what temperature do the water molecules change from liquid to solid

A

at 100°C

52
Q

what is the boiling point

A

when water molecules change state from liquid to solid

53
Q

what does the particle model use, in order to represent particles

A

the particle model uses circles or spheres to represent particles

54
Q

when is an ion formed

A

an ion is formed when an element gains or loses electrons

55
Q

what state is it, if the melting point is higher than the given temperature

A

solid

56
Q

what state is it, if the given temperature is between the melting and boiling points

A

liquid

57
Q

what state is it, if the given temperature is higher than the boiling point

A

gas

58
Q

what does the period number tell us

A

the period number tells us how many electron shells there are

59
Q

what does the group number tell us

A

the group number tells us how many electrons there are on the outer shell

GCSE Chemistry (12 decks)

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