c6 Invatarea Flashcards

1
Q

Invatarea

A

o schumbare relativ permanenta a comportamentului, in urma experientei acumulate

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2
Q

Conditionare clasica

A

un tip de invatare in care un stimul capata puterea de a creea un raspuns

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3
Q

Componentele conditionarii clasice

A

stimul neconditionat (UCS), raspuns neconditionat (UCR), stimul conditionat (CS), raspuns conditionat (RC)

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4
Q

Procese clasice de conditionare (3)

A

achizitia (CS+UCS), extinctia/stingerea (CS), recuperarea spontana (pauza+CS)

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5
Q

Generalizarea

A

procesul prin care un organism produce acelasi raspuns la doi stimuli similari (ex.: micul Albert soareci-iepuri)

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6
Q

Discriminarea

A

procesul prin care un organism produce raspunsuri diferite la doi stimuli similari

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7
Q

Conditionarea operanta

A

un tip de invatare in care frecventa unui comportament depinde de consecintele acelui comportament (Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner)

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8
Q

Componentele conditionarii operante

A

intarire (consecinta care creste probabilitatea a unui comportament) si pedeapsa (orice consecinta care scade probabilitatea a unui comportament)

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9
Q

Intarire

A

pozitiva (urmat de eveniment dezirabil) si negativa (eliminarea unei eveniment nedorit); primara (intarire naturala) si secundara (intarire invatata)

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10
Q

Pedeapsa

A

pozitiva (urmat de eveniment nedorit) si negativa (incheierea unui eveniment dezirabil)

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11
Q

Proceduri de invatare

A

modelarea (CO, intarirea comportamentelor care seamana cu cel dorit), discriminarea (abilitatea de a distinge intre doi stimuli similari, extinctia/stingerea (CO, pierderea unui raspuns cand nu urmaza o consecinta)

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12
Q

Intervale de intarire

A

intarire continua, intarire partiala (interval de intarire in care niste raspunsuri corecte sunt recompensate); interval fix/variabil, raport fix, variabil

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13
Q

Interval

A

fix (recompensarea primului raspuns corect dupa un timp definit), variabil (recompensarea primului raspuns corect dupa un timp aleatoriu)

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14
Q

Raport

A

fix (recompensarea unui raspuns dupa un numar definit de raspunsuri corecte), variabil (recompensarea unui raspuns dupa un numar aleatoriu de raspunsuri corecte)

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15
Q

Invatarea latenta

A

invatarea care are loc dar nu este evidenta pana cand elevul se intalneste cu un stimul care sa o demonstreze

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16
Q

Efectul de suprajustificare

A

a promite o recompensa cuiva pentru a face ceea ce deja ii place sa faca; poate diminua si inlocui motivatia naturala