C5- Ionic Bonding Flashcards
What is a bond
Forces of attraction that hold atoms together
Energy is released from atoms making them more stable and less reactive
When are atoms more stable
When they have a full outer shell like a noble gas
What are ions
By the transfer of electrons by atoms forming charged particles called atoms
What are positive ions
Cations
Metals tend to lose electrons and so form cations
What are negative ions
Anions
Non metals tend to form anions and gain electrons
Anions have more electrons than protons
What happens when non metals form negative ions
The name changed to -ide
What are electrostatic forced
The forces of attraction between all positively and negatively charge objects
What force forms an ionic bond and keeps them together
Electrostatic forces hold the oppositely charged ions together
What are most ionic bonds made of
A metal and non metal
MOSTLY
What are atoms that easily form ions like
Either have a nearly full of nearly empty outer shell
If an element was in group 2 - what would this mean
It would lose 2 electrons and have a 2+ charge
If an element was in group 6 what would it be like as an ion
It would gain 2 electrons and have a 2- charge
How are ionic bonds drawn
Draw the atoms electronic configuration - one with dots and crosses, move the smaller amount of electrons on outer shell to other atom and make sure that both the 2 atoms have full outer shells
How are ionic compounds formed
By the loss and gain of electrons held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is a lattice structure
The strong ionic bonds allow ‘billions’ of jons to be lacked together in a regular repeating arrangement
What will ionic forms often form
Crystals when solid Becuase of their regular lattice structure
What’s a crystal
Pieces of solid that have a particular regular shape, flat surfaces and sharp edges
What charge are ionic compounds
Neutral
How can you work out ionic formula
Use ion formulae and make it so the charges cancel out
What’s a polyatomic atom
Some ions contain more than one atom eg the sulphur ion is sulfur and oxygen
Ionic compounds contain..
Ions NOT ATOMS OR MOLECULES
Why must ionic compounds be heated to high temperatures before they melt or change state
The electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions are strong so a lot of energy is need to overcome these forces and so seperate the ions
If an ion has a charge of -2 and another has -1 which will have stronger electrostatic forces
The one with a -2 charge
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity
When they are molten or dissolved in water (Aqueous solution) they do
NOT WHEN THEY ARE SOLID M8
What conditions must be met to conduct electricity
It must contain charged particles
These particles must be free to move
What carried the current when an ionic compound conducts electricity
Ions
Can ions dissolve in water
Mostly they can
Which electrode would an anion be attracted to (a negative ion)
The anode
Which electrode would a cation (positive ion) be attracted to
The cathode
What enables the ionic compounds to conduct electricity
IONS moving NOT ELECTRONS
