C3- Atomic Structure

Question 1

Tell me what John dalton said about atoms

Answer 1

All matter is made of atoms

Atoms are tiny hard spheres that can’t be broken down into smaller parts

Can’t be created or destroyed

The atoms in an element are all identical buy each element has its own type of atom

Question 2

Tell me the 3 subatomic particles

Answer 2

Protons

Electrons

Neutrons

Question 3

How are the masses and charged made/ what are they based on

Answer 3

They are relative masses and relative charged compared to s protons

Eg a proton had a mass of one - so anything that has the same mass must also be one

Question 4

What is a proton like

Answer 4

It has a positive +1 charge and a relative Mass of 1

Question 5

Tell me about electrons

Answer 5

It has a negative -1 charge and a 1/1835 mass (negligible)

Question 6

Tell me about neutrons

Answer 6

Have a neutral charge 0 and a mass of 1

Question 7

What’s in the centre of an atom

Answer 7

A nucleus containing protons and neutrons

Question 8

What’s the nucleus of an atom surrounded by

Answer 8

Electrons arranged in electron shells at different distances from the nucleus

Question 9

What are the atoms in an element like

Answer 9

Always have equal numbers of protons and electrons and so have no overall charge

Question 10

What is most of an atom

Answer 10

Empty space

Question 11

How is the modern day atom and atom according to John Dalton in 1805 different

Answer 11

We now have discovered there are subatomic particles - not just tiny spheres

Question 12

Where is most of a mass of an atom

Answer 12

The nucleus

Question 13

How do we know mosh of an atom is empty space

Answer 13

Rutherford did an experiment were he fired positive particles through thin gold foil and most passed through - he explained this by suggesting most of atoms were Empty space

Question 14

How were elements originally ordered

Answer 14

Placed in order of masses of the atoms

This was a problem as it caused some elements to be grouped with others that had very different properties - so some were swapped

Question 15

How is the periodic table grouped now

Answer 15

By the number of protons in their atoms THE ATOMIC NUMBER

Question 16

What is the mass number

Answer 16

The total number of protons and neutrons

Question 17

How is a symbol written on periodic table

Answer 17

The symbol of element with the mass number above it and atomic number below it

Question 18

What’s an isotope

Answer 18

The same element with different masses - the atoms are known as isotopes

They have the same atomic number but different mass number

Will chemicals react the same way

Question 19

How do we refer to an isotope

Answer 19

By adding its mass number to the elements name

Question 20

What’s nuclear fission

Answer 20

Splitting an atom - produces new elements and transfers large amounts of energy

Nuclear power stations use the energy from nuclear fission to produce electricity

Question 21

What’s the relative mass of an isotope

Answer 21

It’s mass number

Question 22

How do elements exist with isotopes

Answer 22

All elements are s mix of isotopes

We calculate an elements relative atomic mass (RAM) - the symbol is A(little bottom right corner r)

Question 23

What’s the relative atomic mass

Answer 23

The mean mass of an atom compared with carbon-12

It takes into account all the isotopes of the element and the amounts of each.

each RAM is not a whole number buy most valued are rounded to a whole number

The RAM of an element and its atomic number are shown on the periodic table

Question 24

What are abundances

Answer 24

Overall properties

Eg the 2 isotopes of chlorine are 75% of 1 type of isotope and 25% of other

Question 25

How do we calculate RAM

Answer 25

Total mass of the atoms divided by the total number of atoms

To get the total mass of the atoms multiply its abundance by the mass